Intro to Anatomy
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Planes, Body Cavities, Membranes, and Directional Terms
Last updated 3:39 AM on 8/29/23
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36 Terms
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**Anatomy**
The study of **structure**
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**Physiology**
The study of **function**
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**Medial/mid-sagittal** plane
Divides **left and right** into **equal** sections
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**Sagittal** plane
Divides **left and right** into **unequal** sections
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**Transverse** plane
Divides **upper and lower** (superior and inferior) into **equal or unequal** sections
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**Frontal** plane
Divides **front and back** (anterior and posterior) into **equal or unequal** sections
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**Cranial** cavity
The **head**
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**Optic/orbital** cavity
The **eyes**
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**Nasal** cavity
The **nose**
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**Oral** cavity
The **mouth**
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**Pleural** cavity
The **lungs**
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**Pericardial** cavity
The heart
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**Thorasic** cavity
The **chest** (thorax)
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**Diaphragm**
Between the **chest** (thorax) and the **abdomen**, separating the two regions
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**Abdominopelvic** cavity
The **abdomen**
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**Abdominal** cavity
The upper **abdomen**; within the abdominopelvic cavity
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**Pelvic** cavity
The lower abdomen (**pelvis**); within the abdominopelvic cavity
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**Anterior/ventral** cavity
The **front** of the body
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**Posterior/dorsal** cavity
The **back** of the body
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**Axial** region
The **core** and the **head**; vital organs
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**Appendicular** regions
The **arms** and the **legs**; appendages
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Purpose of **membranes**
To **line** and help **protect** organs in the body
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Contents of **serous membranes**
The **visceral** (inner) and **parietal** (outer) membranes
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Types of **serous membranes**
**Pleural** (surrounds the lungs), **pericardium** (surrounds the heart), and **peritoneum** (surrounds all other organs)
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Purpose of **serous fluid**
To **reduce friction** between the organ and other membranes/organs
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**Proximal**
**Closer** to the point of attachment; only used for describing locations on the appendages
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**Distal**
**Farther** from the point of attachment; only used for describing locations on the appendages
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**Medial**
Closer to the **midline**
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**Lateral**
Closer to the **side**
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**Bilateral**
Two organs closer to the **side**; only used for paired organs
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**Superficial**
Closer to the **surface** (skin); shallow
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**Deep**
Closer to the **internal organs**; farther in
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**Superior**
**Above**
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**Inferior**
**Below**
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**Cephalic**
**Closer** to the **head**
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**Caudal**
**Farther** from the **head**
