Ch 3: Bacterial Diagrams

Be sure to enable [answer with definition] and [multiple choice]

Which bacterial shape:

• Is spherical or ball-shaped

Coccus

Which bacterial shape:

• Is rod, spindle-shaped, or round-ended

Rod/Bacillus

Which bacterial shape:

• Are gently curved rods

Vibrio

Which bacterial shape:

• Is a slightly curled or spiral-sharped bacterial body (corkscrew)

Spirillum

Which bacterial shape:

• More flexible form that resembles a spring

Spirochete

Which bacterial shape:

• Produce multiple branches off of a basic rod structure

Branching filaments

Which arrangement of Flagella:

• Single flagellum

Monotrichous

Which arrangement of Flagella:

• Small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the same site

Lophotrichous

Which arrangement of Flagella:

• Flagella at both poles of the cell

Amphitrichous

Which arrangement of Flagella:

• Flagella are dispersed randomly over the surface of the cell

Peritrichous

Which type of cell envelope is this?

Gram-Positive

Which type of cell envelope is this?

Gram-Negative

Which bacterial layer:

• Is coating of repeating polysaccharide or glycoprotein units

Glycocalyx

Which bacterial layer:

• Single layers of thousands of copies of a single protein linked together like chain mail

S-layer

Which bacterial layer:

• Composed of a repeating framework of long glycan (sugar) chains cross-linked by short peptide (protein) fragments

• Provides a strong but flexible support framework

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Which bacterial layer:

• A flexible phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins

Cytoplasmic membrane

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Monolayer of protein used for protection and/or attachment

S-layer

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to cells and surfaces

Fimbriae

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Extra membrane similar to cytoplasmic membrane but also containing lipopolysaccharide

• Controls flow of materials, and portions of it are toxic to mammals when released

Outer membrane

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• A semirigid casing that provides structural support and shape for the cell

Cell wall

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Long fibers of proteins that encircle the cell just inside the cytoplasmic membrane

• Contribute to the shape of the cell

Cytoskeleton

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• An appendage used for drawing another bacterium close in order to transfer DNA to it

Pilus

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• A coating or layer of molecules external to the cell wall

• It serves protective, adhesive, and receptor functions

• It may fit tightly (capsule) or be very loose and diffuse (slime layer)

Glycocalyx

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen deposited in dense crystals or particles that can be tapped into when needed

Inclusion/Granule

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Protein - coated packets used to localize enzymes and other proteins in the cytoplasm

Bacterial microcompartments

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Double-standard DNA circle containing extra genes

Plasmid

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Specialized appendage attached to the cell by a basal body that holds a long, rotating filament

• The movement pushes that cell forward and provides motility

Flagellum

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• A thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell pool

Cell (cytoplasmic) membrane

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Composed of condensed DNA molecules, DNA directs all genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for all proteins

Bacterial chromosome or nucleoid

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis

Ribosomes

Which structure of a Bacterial:

• Water-based solution filling the entire cell

Cytoplasm