The American Revolution Quiz 3/28

study

Blazed

cut a trail (as in “he was a trailblazer”)

Draft

a mandatory call of duty to serve in an army

Guerilla Warfare

system of warfare in which he soldiers fight using techniques such as surprise, ambush, and disruption

Loyalists/Tories

those who remained loyal to Britain

Molly Pitchers

women who brought pitchers of water to the soldiers at the Battle of Monmouth

Patriots

Colonist who supported independence

Privateer

a privately owned ship commissioned by the government to fight the enemy in exchange, the ship could keep whatever they found on enemy ships

Philis Wheatley

A Black woman poet who wrote poetry in support of the Patriot cause and corresponded with Washington, Franklin, John Adams, and John Hancock during the war (AMERICAN)

Marquis de Lafayette

A French noble who supported the Patriot cause and fought with Washington as a high-ranking officer (AMERICAN)

Nathaniel Greene

A general and top strategist who was placed in command of the Southern division of the Continental Army by Washington (AMERICAN)

Henry Clinton

A general who fought at the battles of Bunker Hill and Long Island who later became the commander in chief of the British army and won the Battle of Charleston in 1780 when he captured 4,500 American soldiers (BRITISH)

Charles Cornwallis

A general who ultimately surrendered the British army at the Battle of Yorktown, Virginia in 1781, leading to the end of the war (BRITISH)

John Burgoyne

A general who was stationed in Canada and was ordered to move his army south towards Albany, New York in 1777 and eventually surrendered the British forces at the Battle of Saratoga (BRITISH)

William Howe

A general who was the Commander in Chief of the British Army from 1776 to 1778 and won the Battles of Long Island, Brandywine, and Philadelphi and later resigned after he failed to backup the British troops at the Battle of Saratoga (BRITISH)

Horatio Gates

A general who was the commander of the American troops at the Battle of Saratoga and who was later replaced as the commander of the Southern division of the Continental Army by General Nathanael Greene (AMERICAN)

First Rhode Island Regiment

A group of 130 Black soldiers that is considered to be the first Black military unit in American history (AMERICAN)

Francis Marion

A leader of the American militia who was given the nickname “Swamp Fox” by the British because he was so fast that they could not catch him or deal with his “hit- and-run” tactics (AMERICAN)

Oliver Cromwell

A member of the New Jersey militia who served in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Monmouth, and Yorktown and was awarded the Badge of Merit for his service before being personally discharged by Washington (AMERICAN)

Sybil Luddington

A teenage girl from New York who was called the “Female Paul Revere” after riding through the countryside upstate to warn the colonists about the approaching British Army (AMERICAN)

Deborah Sampson

A woman who assumed the identity of her dead brother in order to English in the 4 the Massachusetts Regiment who was injured in battle and given an honorable discharge by Henry Knox after the war (AMERICAN)

Richard Howe

Commander of the British navy during the war who headquartered his fleet at NYC Harbor at the start of the war (BRITISH)

Colonel Tye

Fought for the British as a Black Loyalist and the commander of the Black Brigade in New Jersey and captured the rebel leader Josiah Huddy at Colts Neck, New Jersey (BRITISH)

Jean Baptist de Rochambeau

French general who the French King Louix XIV placed in charge of the 6,000 French troops sent to fight in the colonies during the war (AMERICAN)

Hessians

German mercenary soldiers who were hired by King George (BRITISH)

Baron Friedrick von Steuben

German military commander who helped Washington train the American troops at the winter camp of Valley Forge in 1778 (AMERICAN)

Benedict Arnold

Part of Washington’s inner circle who was the hero of the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 but betrayed the Americans by sharing plans to invade Canada with the British and then attacking his home state

Lydia Barrington Darragh

Participated in the Americans’ “Button Code” spy operations of the war in General Howe’s Philadelphia headquarters (AMERICAN)

James Armistead Lafayette

Served as a double-agent spy during the war and was emancipated from slavery because of his heroism during the war (AMERICAN)

Margaret Cobin

Served as a temporary replacement in the American artillery brigade at the Battle of Fort Washington after her husband was injured in the battle and later became the first woman to receive a soldier’s lifetime pension (AMERICAN)

Mary Ludwig Hayes

Served as a temporary replacement in the American artillery brigade at the Battle of Monmouth after her husband was injured in Battle (AMERICAN)

Iroquois

Served as guides and scouts for the British in upstate New York even while other members sided with the Americans (MOSTLY BRITISH)

Anna Smith Strong

Served as part of the Culper Spy ring in Long Island, NY and used laundry to relay spy messages (AMERICAN)

Salem Poor

Served in the Continental Army and fought in the battles of Bunker Hill, Monmouth, and Saratoga and is credited with killing Lt. Col. James Abercrombie at the Bunker Hill and was later honored on a US postage stamp (AMERICAN)

Peter Salem

Served in the Continental Army for give years, starting with the Battles of Lexington and Concord, and is thought to have killed British Major John Pitcairn at the Battle of Bunker Hill (AMERICAN)

George Washington

The Commander in Chief of the entire Continental Army (AMERICAN)

Crispus Attucks

The first person to die for the revolutionary cause at the Boston Massacre who became a symbol for Black American patriotism (AMERICAN)

Continental Congress

The governing body of America during the war who coordinated the war effort and alliances with Europe from their headquarters in Philadelphia and later in Baltimore after Philly was captured (AMERICAN)

Bernardo de Galvez

The governor of Spanish New Orleans who provide supply lines along the Gulf Coast to the Americans (AMERICA)

Daniel Morgan

The hero of the Battle of Cowpens in January 1781, the turning point of the South, where 1/6 of the British forces were killed (AMERICAN)

Continental Army/ American Militia

The name of the American army formed by the Continental Congress in 1776 who fought against the British during the war (AMERICAN)

Camp Followers/ Founding Mothers

The women who traveled with the armies to tend to the cooking, laundry, and medical needs of the soldiers during the war; for the Americans, the female counterpart of the founders of the nation (BRITISH/AMERICAN)

Negotiators Paris Peace Conference

This group of delegates included John Jay, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Henry Laurens (AMERICAN)

What is this image?

Washington Crossing the Delaware

• small boats

• George Washing leading the Continental Army

• American flag

What is this image?

Boston Massacre

• Paul Revere

• Blames British

• Using propaganda

What is this image?

Valley Forge Cont.

• Time for Americans to regroup, re-supply, and train.

  • Marquis de Lafayette joined Washington as an aide at Valley Forge

  • Friedrich von Steuben drilled the troops teaching them

military discipline

• In the Spring of 1778, the soldiers were ready to continue the

fight against the British

What is this image?

Treaty of Paris 1783

• Officially ended the American Revolutionary War

• American delegates refused to allow the French to negotiate for them

  • Treaty recognized the independence of America

  • Treaty set the boundaries for the country (West: Mississippi River;

North-Canada; South- Florida); Florida was returned to Spain (Lost in the

Treaty of Paris 1781

• America had to pay war debts (including the cost of the destroyed tea from

the Boston Tea Party)

• America gained fishing rights off the coast of Canada

• Loyalists had to be repaid for property taken from them

Advantage OR Disadvantage

American OR British

• Patriots owned rifles and were good shots

• Washington became a great leader

• Patriots had the homefeild advantage

• Patriots were defending their ideals (highly motivated to win)

• Had help from France

Advantage

Patriots (Americans)

Advantage OR Disadvantage

American OR British

• Well-trained soldiers

• Experienced soldiers and officers

• World’s best army

• World’s best navy

• Had a lot more money and resources available

• Had help from the Loyalists (Tories)

Advantage

British

Advantage OR Disadvantage

American OR British

• Poorly trained and unorganized

• Had few cannons and very little gunpowder

• No navy

• Few enlisted in the Continental Army

Disadvantage

Patriots (Americans)

Advantage OR Disadvantage

American OR British

• Soldiers were thousands of miles from home

• News and supplies took months to arrive

• Found it difficult to deal with the “hit-and-run” tactics of he Continental Army

Disadvantages

British

American Strategy OR British Strategy

Overpower the Americans in 1776 with one big battle and force them back into submission

British Strategy

American Strategy OR British Strategy

(1) Attempt to take control of all the major port cities

(including Boston, NYC, Philadelphia, Charleston) and cut

off the New England colonies to force a surrender

(2) Seize control of the capital and the Continental

Congress to force a surrender

(3) Hire additional fighting forces (30,000 Hessians)

(4) Utilize the Loyalist militias in the South to take control

British Strategy

American Strategy OR British Strategy

(1) “You don’t need to win- you just can’t lose”; live to

fight another day (Washington)

(2) Prolong the war in order to acquire European

assistance (France/Spain)

(3) Utilize the American militias and their hit-and-run”

tactics

(4) Attack and retreat to prolong the fighting to exhaust

the British into submission

American Strategy

 send supplies to the American Continental Army (especially gunpowder)

 provided the Americans with money to fight the war

 1778- send 6,000 French troops under the command of General Rochambeau as well as the French navy under

the command of Admiral DeGrasse to help the colonists fight against the British

 fought battles against the British in Europe

 helped win the Battle of Yorktown

Alliance with France

o American delegates REFUSED to allow the French to negotiate for them and instead INSISTED on negotiating for

themselves

 John Jay

 Benjamin Franklin

 John Adams

 Henry Laurens

o Treaty recognized the independence of America

o Treaty set the boundaries for the country

 WEST: Mississippi River; NORTH: Canadian border; SOUTH: Florida border

o Florida was returned to Spain (they had lost it after the French/Indian War)

o America had to pay its war debts (including the cost of the destroyed tea from the Boston Tea Party)

o American gained fishing rights off the coast of Canada

o Loyalists had to be repaid for property taken from them in the war

Treaty of Paris 1783; officially ended the American Revolutionary War

WHERE?

Brandywine Creek (September 1777)

Winner: British

-Largest single day battle

-British General Howe vs. Washington

-Howe was able to capture Philadelphia

Pennsylvania

WHAT BATTLE?

March 1780

Location: South Carolina

Winner: British

-Americans surrender to British General Henry

Clinton;

-Almost the entire Continental Army of 4500

soldiers in the South was captured

Charleston

WHERE?

Cowpens

January 1781

Winner: American

-Morgan defeated the British;

-1/6 British forces killed

-Turning point of the South; led to the Battle of

Yorktown

South Carolina

WINNER?

Guilford Courthouse

March 1781

Greensboro, North Carolina

-American Greene was forced to retreat but 1/3 of

the British forces were killed or injured;

-Cornwallis abandoned his Carolina campaign and

retreated to Virginia

British

WHERE?

King’s Mountain

October 7, 1780

Winner: American

-Battle of the militias;

-British refused to surrender- Maj Patrick Ferson

killed

-Forced Cornwallis to retreat to South Carolina

North Carolina

WHERE?

Long Island/ Brooklyn Heights

August 1776

Winner: British

-First major battle of the war

-Patriots outnumbered 2 to 1

-Washington forced to retreat to NJ

-British took control of NYC

New York

WHEN?

Monmouth

New Jersey

Winner: American

-American Generals Washington and Lee attacked

the British Army under the command of Generals

Clinton and Cornwallis

-Continental Army was outnumbered 2 to 1 but

with the help of Generals Greene and Wayne and

the Marquis de Lafayette the British were forced

to retreat back to NYC

June 1778

WHEN?

Princeton

New Jersey

Winner: American

-Washington launched a 2nd surprise attack against

the Hessians a week after Trenton

-Second win for Washinton within 10 days

-Washington captured 1,200 Hessians before both

sides went to their winter camps

December 1776-January 1777

WHAT BATTLE?

October 1777

New York

Winner: American

-British General John Burgoyne surrendered

-Benedict Arnold was the hero of the battle of the

Americans

-Turning point of the war

-Convinced the French to send supplies/money to

the Americans

Battle of Saratoga

WINNER?

Ticonderoga

May 1775

New York

-American victory under Ethan Allen and the

Green Mountain Boys

-Americans acquired cannons that they used to

force the British to evacuate Boston

American

WHAT BATTLE?

December 1776

New Jersey

Winner: American

-Washington secretly crossed the Delaware River

at night and launched surprise attack against the

Hessians the morning after Christmas

-First major American victory of the Continental

Army

Princeton

WHEN?

Yorktown

Virginia

Winner: American

-Cornwallis surrounded by Washington, Greene,

and French soldiers on land and the French navy

on the water; -Cornwallis and the British

surrendered; War ended

October 1781