medical terminology chp. 15 (chabner, language of medicine) pt. 1

bone vocab

acetabulum

rounded depression or socket in the pelvis that joins the femur; hipbone

acromion

outward extension of shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder-- overlies shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle

bone

dense, hard connective tissue forming the skeleton; examples being long (femur), short (carpals), flat (scapula), sesamoid (patella)

bone depression

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones or passageways for blood vessels/nerves (e.g. fissure, foramen, fossa, sinus)

bone process

enlarged area that extends from bones, is covered in articular cartilage, and serves as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments (e.g. bone head, condyle, epicondyle, trochanter, tubercle, and tuberosity)

calcium

a mineral constituent in bone-- calcium phosphate is a major calcium salt in bones

calcaneus

heel bone

cancellous bone

spongy, porous bone tissue found in the inner layers of a bone

cartilage

flexible connective tissue-- found in immature skeleton, at epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces

carpals

wrist bones

clavicle

collar bone

coccyx

tailbone

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue found around the outer layers of bones

cranium

skull (made of ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones)

diaphysis

shaft (mid-portion) of a long bone

disc

flat, round, plate-like structure; intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure found between two vertebrae

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous area at the end of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in developing skeleton

epiphysis

end of a long bone; area behind the epiphyseal plate

facial bones

lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic bones

femur

thigh bone

fibula

smaller of two lower leg bones

fontanelle

soft spot present between skull bones in an infant due to incomplete bone growth

foramen magnum

opening of the occipital bone that the spinal cord passes through

haversian canals

spaces in compact bone that are filled with blood vessels

humerus

upper arm bone

illium

superior portion of pelvic bone

ischium

inferior portion of pelvic bone

ligament

fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones; band, sheets, or strands located in/around joints

malleolus

ankle

mandible

lower jawbone

manubrium

upper portion of sternum-- joins with clavicle to make the sternoclavicular joint

mastoid process

rounded projection on temporal bone behind the ear

maxilla

upper jawbone

medullary cavity

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

metacarpals

hand bones

metatarsals

bones between tarsals and toe bones

metaphysis

flared portion of a long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate

olecranon

elbow

orthopedist

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions

osseuous tissue

bone tissue

ossification

process of bone formation

osteoblast v. osteoclast

bone cell that forms bony tissue; bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

patella

kneecap

periosteum

membrane surrounding a bone-- contains blood vessels and nerve tissue

phalanges

finger/toe bones

phosphorus

mineral substance found in bones, usually combined with calcium

physiatrist

medical doctor specializing in rehab

pubis, pubis symphysis

anterior portion of pelvic bone; junction of the two anterior pelvic bones where they are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc

radius

forearm bone-- thumb side

red bone marrow

cancellous tissue found in the interior of flat bones-- also the site of hematopoiesis

ribs/ribcage

bones that form the chest wall-- pairs 1-7 are true ribs, 8-10 are false ribs, and 11-12 are floating ribs

scapula

shoulder blade

sella turcica

depression in the sphenoid gland containing the pituitary gland

sinus

hollow air cavity within the facial bones

sternum

breastbone

styloid process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on both sides of the skull

suture

immovable joint between bones

tarsals

hindfoot/midfoot bones

temporomandibular joint

connection on both sides of the head between temporal bone and mandibular bone

tendon

fibrous connective tissue binding muscles to bones

tibia

shin bone (larger of two lower leg bones)

trabeculae

supportive latticework of bony fiber in cancellous bone

ulna

forearm bone-- opposite to thumb side

vertebra

backbone/spine

xiphoid process

lower narrow portion of sternum

yellow bone marrow

fatty tissue found in medullary cavity of most adult long bones

calc/o, calci/o

calcium

kyph/o

humpback or hunchback-- posterior curvature in thoracic region

lamin/o

lamina (portion of vertebral arch)

lord/o

curve or swayback (anterior curvature in lumbar region)

lumb/o

loins, lower back

myel/o

bone marrow

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

scoli/o

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

vertebra (used to refer to conditions of vertebra); vertebra (used to describe vertebra itself)

acetabul/o

acetabulum

calcane/o

calcaneus

carp/o

carpals

clavicul/o

clavicle

cost/o

ribs

crani/o

cranium

femor/o

femur

fibul/o

fibula

humer/o

humerus

ili/o

illium

ischi/o

ischium

malleol/o

malleolus

mandibul/o

mandible

maxill/o

maxilla

metacarp/o

metacarpals

metatars/o

metatarsals

olecran/o

olecranon

patell/o

patella

pelv/o

pelvis

phalang/o

phalanges

pub/o

pubis

radi/o

radius

scapul/o

scapula

stern/o

sternum