ASAP500__Cell_Anatomy__Physiology_2023__3___3___4_

Cell Membrane

The structure that gives the cell shape and protects it, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the main structural component of the cell membrane.

Active Transport

The movement of substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP.

Passive Transport

The movement of substances across the cell membrane without the input of cellular energy, following the concentration gradient.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins; can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Mitochondria

Organelles known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell that generate ATP through aerobic respiration.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains genetic information, including genes and chromosomes.

Cilia

Short, hair-like projections from the cell membrane that move fluids along the outer surface of the cell.

Microvilli

Finger-like projections of the cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption.

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions.

Endocytosis

A process in which the cell membrane engulfs external material to bring it into the cell.

Exocytosis

The process by which materials are expelled from a cell through vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane.

Osmosis

The passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Facilitated Diffusion

A type of passive transport that uses transport proteins to help move substances across the cell membrane.

Chromatin

Substance within the nucleus that consists of DNA and protein, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Lipid Bilayer

The double layer of lipids that forms the barrier of the cell membrane.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.

Cytoplasm

The entire contents of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

Golgi Complex

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Lysosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.