Introduction to Computers and Applications - CSCI 109

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions from the CSCI 109 lecture on computers and applications.

Application Software

Computer software designed to help the user perform specific tasks, such as creating presentations or managing documents.

System Software

Software designed to manage and integrate a computer's capabilities, providing a platform for application software.

Utility Software

System software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize, or maintain a computer, such as antivirus programs and disk cleaners.

Killer Application

A popular application that drives the sales of a specific platform, such as Halo for Xbox.

Horizontal Applications

Applications designed for a wide range of users and tasks, such as Microsoft Office, which can be used across various industries.

Vertical Applications

Applications specifically designed for a certain type of business or industry, such as degree audit software for universities.

Command-Line Interface (CLI)

A text-based interface used to interact with computer systems by typing commands.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

An interface that allows users to interact with the software using graphical elements such as windows, icons, and buttons.

Generative AI (GenAI)

AI designed to create new content, such as text, images, or music, based on learned data patterns.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Software that provides comprehensive facilities to programmers for software development, including a code editor and debugging tools.

Cloud Computing

Storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of on a local computer.

Multitasking

The ability of an operating system to run multiple tasks or processes simultaneously.

Computer Network

A collection of computers connected together for sharing resources and data.

Internet Protocol (IP)

A set of rules governing the format of data sent over the Internet or local network.

Packet Switching

A method of grouping data transmitted over a digital network into packets.

Client-Server Model

A computing model where multiple clients request and receive services from a centralized server.

Peer-to-Peer Network

A decentralized network structure that allows direct sharing of resources between users without centralized management.

Firewall

A security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Malware

Malicious software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.

Phishing

A fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by disguising as a trustworthy entity in electronic communication.

Data Encryption

A process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A secure network created over the Internet that allows users to send and receive data while maintaining privacy.

Backup

A process of copying and archiving computer data to use in the event of a data loss.