Anatomical Terms, Body Regions, and Feedback Mechanisms

Under what circumstances are negative feedback mechanisms used?

Everyday regulation of common events

What is a positive feedback mechanism?

A response that is self-amplifying; the product of the response will intensify the original stimulus until the problem is solved

Under what circumstances are positive feedback mechanisms used?

Infrequent events

Describe anatomical position.

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward

Define the terms superior/inferior.

Superior: Towards head

Inferior: Towards feet

Define the terms medial/lateral/intermediate.

Medial: towards the midline of the body; lateral: away from the midline of the body; intermediate: between two other structures

Define the terms superficial/deep.

Superficial: close to or at a body surface; deep: away from a body surface

Define the terms proximal/distal.

Proximal: close to the point of attachment of a limb; distal: away from the point of attachment of a limb

Define the terms anterior/posterior.

Anterior: toward or at the front of the body; dorsal: toward or at the back of the body

What portion of the body is described by cephalic?

The head

What portion of the body is described by frontal?

forehead

What portion of the body is described by orbital?

eye

What portion of the body is described by mental?

chin?

What portion of the body is described by cervical?

The neck

What portion of the body is described by thoracic

Trunk of the body in between the cervical area and the diaphragm

What portion of the body is described by sternal

The breastbone

What portion of the body is described by axillary

The armpit

What portion of the body is described by abdominal

Area between the diaphragm and the line of the pelvic bones

What portion of the body is described by umbilical?

The navel

What portion of the body is described by inguinal

The area between the pelvic region and the external genitals

What portion of the body is described by acromial

The shoulder

What portion of the body is described by brachial

The upper arm

What portion of the body is described by antecubital

The anterior portion of the elbow

What portion of the body is described by antebrachial

The forearm

What portion of the body is described by pollex?

thumb

What portion of the body is described by digital

The fingers (or toes)

What portion of the body is described by coxal

The area of the hip bones

What portion of the body is described by femoral

thigh

What portion of the body is described by patellar?

kneecap

What portion of the body is described by crural?

The lower leg

What portion of the body is described by fibular?

lateral portion of lower leg

What portion of the body is described by pedal?

The foot

What portion of the body is described by tarsal?

ankle bones

What portion of the body is described by metatarsal?

The foot

What portion of the body is described by hallux?

big toe

What portion of the body is described by olecranal?

The posterior portion of the elbow

What portion of the body is described by popliteal?

The posterior portion of the knee

What portion of the body is described by sural?

The calf

What portion of the body is described by calcaneal?

The heel

What portion of the body is described by plantar?

The sole of the foot

What portion of the body is described by otic?

The ear

What portion of the body is described by occipital?

The posterior portion of the head

What portion of the body is described by scapular?

The shoulder blades

What portion of the body is described by lumbar?

lower back

What portion of the body is described by sacral?

Area between the top of the buttocks

What portion of the body is described by perineal?

area between anus and external genitalia

Where is the vertebral cavity located?

In the vertebral column

Where is the thoracic cavity located?

superior to the diaphragm

Where is the abdominal cavity located?

Inferior to the diaphragm and surrounded by the peritoneum