APUSH American Pageant Ch. 32 Comprehensive Review (Expanded version of @Owen_Wiley's set by Jack_Dugoni3, edited by Ashton Wong)

According to the book, what did Herbert Hoover promise that allowed him to win the 1928 election?

"a chicken in every pot"

What was Franklin Delano Roosevelt's relation to Teddy Roosevelt?

What military-related job did the two men both hold?

What government position was FDR nominated for, but not elected?

Fifth cousin

Assistant Secretary of the Navy

Vice President

Where was FDR born?

Where did he go to college?

New York

Harvard

How tall was FDR?

Why couldn't FDR walk starting from 1921?

6'2"

Infantile Paralysis (Polio)

What was Eleanor Roosevelt's relation to Franklin Roosevelt?

Teddy Roosevelt?

Wife and distant cousin (5th cousin once removed)

Niece

What was a nickname for Eleanor Roosevelt given by the book?

What did she consider herself?

The "conscience of the New Deal"

"his legs"

Where did Eleanor Roosevelt work as a young woman?

What women organizations did she join?

New York settlement house

Women's Trade Union League and League of Women Voters

Where did Eleanor Roosevelt deliberately straddle the aisle separating the black and white settlement sections, flouting segregation statuses and shocking local authorities?

Birmingham, Alabama

Why was Eleanor Roosevelt's relationship with her husband rocky?

His infidelities

FDR believed that money was expendable, unlike what commodity?

For whom did he hold deep concern, said in a 1932 speech?

What did the rich assail him as?

Humanity

The "forgotten man"

a "traitor to his class"

What other New Yorker was elbowed aside by Roosevelt in the 1932 Democratic primaries?

Al Smith

With what words did Roosevelt electrify the delegates and the public?

"I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people."

What group did FDR attack during his 1932 campaign for president?

According to the book, what did FDR prove himself to be due to his paralysis so that he could attract many voters?

Republican Old Dealers

"Roosevelt is Robust"

What group "ghostwrote" many of Roosevelt's speeches?

Who was predominant among this group?

What key legislation did they author much of?

The Brain Trust

Young College Professors

New Deal

What were the cries to balance out the budget?

"Throw the Spenders Out!" and "Out of the Red with Roosevelt"

What was the theme song of FDR's 1932 campaign?

"Happy Days Are Here Again"

What were Herbert Hoover's slogans going into the election?

"The Worst is Past", "It Might Have Been Worse", "Prosperity is Just Around the Corner"

What did Hoover predict would happen if the Hawley-Smoot Tariff was repealed?

grass would grow "in the streets of a hundred cities"

How many states did Hoover carry in 1932?

What was the electoral vote?

Six

472 to 59

Why were Black Americans the worst sufferers from the depression?

They were the "last hired and first fired"

What did FDR state that the war-debt issue was not?

How many meetings did Hoover arrange with him regarding the issue?

What policy was Hoover trying to bind FDR into, that would make New Deal experiments impossible?

"It's not my baby"

two

anti-inflationary policy

When was FDR's inauguration day?

March 4, 1933

What group of people did FDR denounce with bringing on the depression?

The "money changers"

What did FDR claim that was the only thing we had to fear in his clarion note in his inauguration speech?

"fear itself"

What did FDR boldly declare as soon as he entered office?

What was the Congressional session aimed at coping with the national emergency known as?

National Banking Holiday, (March 6-10)

The Hundred Days, (March 9-June 16, 1933)

What were the programs and policies of FDR to combat the Great Depression known as?

What were the three Rs that the programs and policies were aimed at?

The New Deal

Relief, Recovery, and Reform

What were bills drafted by White House advisers called by Roosevelt?

"Must legislation"

What did one senator complain in regards to FDR's power over Congress?

What football position did the book compare Roosevelt to?

If FDR asked Congress "to commit suicide tomorrow, they'd do it."

Quarterback

Which countries were recognized by the book as examples of well-executed governmental procedure?

Germany (social insurance), England (housing and garden cities), and Denmark (agricultural recovery)

What is a notable scheme invented from the New Deal that would carry progressive ideals to face problems like flooding?

Tennessee Valley Authority

What law invested the president with the power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange and to reopen solvent banks?

How long did it take for Congress to pull together this act?

The Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933

Eight hours

What were Roosevelts famous radio speeches known as?

How many did he give?

Where did Roosevelt claim that people were keeping their money?

"Fireside chats"

Thirty

"under the mattress"

What act ended the disgraceful epidemic of bank failures that dated back to the "wildcat" days of Andrew Jackson?

What institution was established by this act and guaranteed insurance on deposits of $5,000?

The Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act (1933)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

What did taking America off of the gold standard and authorizing the repayment in paper money pave the path for?

What was its goal?

A "managed currency"

Causing inflation

What was the exchange rate of gold to dollars in 1934?

What was the exchange rate before?

$35 to one ounce

$21 to one ounce

What did "sound-money" critics refer to paper currency as after the US was taken off the gold standard?

The "baloney dollar"

What was the unemployment rate when FDR took office?

25%

What is the process that a farmer has to pour a little water into a dry pump to star the flow known as?

"prime it"

What were the New Deal agencies known as?

What was the most popular agency of the New Deal agencies that provided employment in government camps for 3 million uniformed young men?

"alphabetical agencies"

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

What were some of the CCC's projects/work?

Which one led to 47 dead?

Reforestation, fire-fighting, flood control, and swamp drainage

Fire-fighting

What was Congress' first major effort to grapple with the abysmal unemployment rate aiming for immediate relief rather than long-range recovery?

What agency did it create?

Who headed this agency?

How much money did this agency grant to the states for direct dole payments or wages on work projects?

The Federal Emergency Relief Act

The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Harry L. Hopkins

$3 Billion

What act helped farmers meet their mortgages by making millions of dollars available?

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

What organization was designed to refinance mortgages on nonfarm homes and bolted the political loyalties of the middle class to the Democrats?

The Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC)

What branch of FERA was established by FDR and provided temporary jobs during the "winter emergency"?

Who's direction was the branch still under?

What were these jobs known as?

What did criticizers say was the only thing they had to fear, mocking FDR?

The Civil Works Administration (CWA)

Harry L. Hopkins

"Boondoggling"

"work itself"

What Catholic priest virulently opposed the New Deal in his anti-Semitic, fascistic, and demagogic radio broadcasts?

What was his nickname?

What was his slogan?

Father Charles Coughlin

The "microphone messiah"

"Social Justice"

What California physician promised everyone over sixty $200 a month?

What Louisiana Senator publicized the "Share Our Wealth" program?

What did his program promise to make?

Francis E. Townsend

Huey P. ("Kingfish") Long

"Every Man a King"

When FDR called Huey Long "one of the two most dangerous men in the country", which other man was he referring to?

General Douglas MacArthur

Where was Huey Long assassinated?

Baton Rouge (capital of Louisiana)

Who was Huey Long's chief lieutenant?

Who called him the "gutsiest, goriest, loudest and lustiest, the deadliest and damndest orator ever heard on this or any other earth, the champion boob-bumper of all time?"

Gerald L. K. Smith

H. L. Mencken

What organization had the objective of creating employment through useful projects?

Who headed it?

How much money did it spend on public buildings, bridges, and roads?

The Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Harry L. Hopkins

$11 billion

In what city did the WPA build a monkey pen?

In what state did the WPA control crickets?

What future Nobel Prize novelist counted dogs in his California county as part of the WPA?

Oklahoma City

Wyoming

John Steinbeck

What was one of the WPA's most well-loved programs as it hired artists to create posters and mural?

What did critics say that WPA meant?

How many jobs did the WPA give out?

The Federal Art Project

"We Provide Alms"

9 million

Who was America's first female cabinet member?

What was her position?

Frances Perkins

Secretary of Labor

Who was the highest-ranking African American in the Roosevelt Administration?

What was her job?

Mary McLeod Bethune

Director of the Office of Minority Affairs in the National Youth Administration

Which woman would be developing the "culture and personality movement" in the 1930s and 1940s?

Who was their mentor that they would carry on the work of?

What was their landmark work/book that established the study of cultures as collective personalities?

Ruth Benedict

Franz Boas

Patterns of Culture (1934)

What student of Benedict popularized cultural anthropology and achieved a celebrity status?

Where did said student hold a curatorship?

How many books did said students write?

Margaret Mead

American Museum of Natural History (located in NYC)

34

What author introduced American readers to Chinese peasant society?

What were her parents' occupation?

What novel won her the Nobel Prize for literature?

Who were the first two Americans to win the prize?

Pearl S. Buck

Presbyterian Missionaries

"The Good Earth"

Sinclair Lewis and Eugene O'Neill

What triple-barreled organization was the most complex and far-reaching effort by the New Dealers to combine immediate relief with long-range recovery and reform, aiming to help industry, labor, and the unemployed?

What codes did it push where hours of labor would be reduced so employment could be spread over more people?

What contract was expressly forbidden?

The National Recovery Administration (NRA)

"fair competition"

"yellow-dog" or antiunion contracts

What was the slogan of the National Recovery Administration?

What was the logo of the NRA?

What football team was inspired by it?

What was the most notable monster parade in support of the NRA?

"We Do Our Part"

The Blue Eagle

The Philadelphia Eagles

Parade on New York City's Fifth Avenue (200,00 marchers)

What did critics call the NRA?

What did Henry Ford call FDR?

"National Run Around" and "Nuts Running America"

"That damn Roosevelt buzzard"

What age, marked by the hypocritical practices of unscrupulous businessmen like displaying blue birds in their window but secretly violated the codes, dawned as a result of the NRA?

An "age of chiselry" (started by "chiselers" who were the businessmen)

What Supreme Court decision ended the NRA?

The Schechter "sick chicken" decision

What organization was created with the purpose of long-range recovery and also intended both for industrial recovery and unemployment relief?

Who headed it?

What was his main job?

How many projects did it spend $4 billion dollars on?

The Public Works Administration (PWA)

Harold L. Ickes

Secretary of the Interior

34,000

What was the greatest achievement of the PWA? (It was also the largest manmade structure since the Great Wall of China)

What agency did it create more electricity than?

The Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River

Tennessee Valley Authority

What did "dry" Americans call FDR in response to the Beer Act of 1933?

What was the tax on every barrel of alcohol manufactured?

What amendment officially repealed prohibition?

"A 3.2 percent American"

$5

The 21st Amendment

What state were several volatile counties placed under martial law?

Iowa

What organization attempted to create "parity prices" (through "artificial" or "subsidized scarcity") for basic commodities in the hopes of boosting farm recovery?

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

What act was passed after the death of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration with intent of making farmers plant crops that aided in conservation?

The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936

What act improved upon the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act and further rewarded farmers by giving them a substantial share of the national income for some form of land conservation?

The Second Agricultural Adjustment Act

What was caused by a drought in the Great Plains and led to massive migrations to California?

How old was a boy in Kansas who suffocated from this?

The Dust Bowl

7 years old

What two farming machinery would tear up infinitely more sod than a team of oxen ever could, leading topsoil to be swept away?

steam tractor and disk plow

What were refugees from Oklahoma and Arkansas known as?

What did they travel in?

How many of them travelled to Southern California?

Where did many of them settle?

"Okies" and "Arkies"

"junkyards on wheels"

350,000

The San Joaquin Valley (despite "KEEP OUT" signs)

What book was the "Uncle Tom's Cabin" of the Dust Bowl?

Who wrote it that earned them the Nobel Prize?

"The Grapes of Wrath"

John Steinbeck

What act attempted to suspend mortgage foreclosures for five years but was voided by the Supreme Court?

How many years did a revised law limit the grace period to?

The Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act (1934)

Three Years

What institution was charged with the task of moving farmers to better land?

The Resettlement Administration

How many trees were planted on the prairies by the CCC as windbreaks?

What did one governor jeer that the program was trying to do?

200 million

"grow hair on a bald head"

Who attempted to reverse the assimilation policies in place since the Dawes Act of 1887?

What was his position?

John Collier

Commissioner of Indian Affairs

What act was known as the "Indian New Deal" and encourage tribes to establish local self-government and preserve their native traditions?

What did some denounce the legislation as?

How many tribes refused to organize under its provisions?

The Indian Reorganization Act (1934)

"back-to-the-blanket" measure

77

What act required promoters to provide information regarding the soundness of their stocks and bonds?

What was an old saying reversed to read after the act was passed?

The "Truth in Securities Act" (Federal Securities Act)

"Let the seller beware"

What agency was established in 1934 in order to protect the public against fraud, deception, and inside manipulation?

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

What did the idea of layered financial control with minimum capital suggest to Roosevelt?

"a ninety-six inch dog being wagged by a four-inch tail"

What Chicagoan's multibillion-dollar financial empire crashed in the spring of 1932?

Samuel Insull

What served as a "death sentence" to the bloated growth of corporations?

The Public Utility Holding Company Act (1935)

Where did the federal government already own valuable properties where it would erect plants for needed nitrates in WW1?

Muscle Shoals (Alabama)

What organization, created in 1933, aimed at creating public works projects in Tennessee?

Who pioneered it?

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

George W. Norris (Nebraska Senator)

What did the TVA want set up, after the discovering how much production and distribution of electricity cost, to test the fairness of rates charged by private companies?

What did critics complain that the whole dream of the TVA was?

"yardstick"

"creeping socialism in concrete"

What three rivers did supporters of the TVA want to see similar projects done on?

Columbia, California, and Missouri Rivers

What was the nickname for the Rocky Mountains?

The "roof of America"

What was created to speed recovery and better homes? (It was also one of the few "alphabetical agencies" to outlast the age of Roosevelt)

What agency bolstered said agency by lending money to states or communities for low-cost construction?

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

The United States Housing Authority (USHA)

What was a nickname given to landlords who opposed the New Deal efforts to expand its projects?

"slumlords"

What act provided for federal-state unemployment insurance in the hopes of cushioning future depressions, and would be the greatest victory of the New Dealers?

The Social Security Act (1935)

How much were the regular payments that specified categories of retired workers would receive from Washington?

$10 to $35

Who said that "social security must be builded upon a cult of work, not a cult of leisure"?

What did the GOP national chairman falsely charge that every worker would have to wear for life?

Hoover

metal dog tag

In what city was a general strike preceded by a "Bloody Thursday" in the summer of 1934?

San Francisco

What act was considered the Magna Carta of American Labor?

What board did it establish that reasserted the right of labor to engage in self-organization?

The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) (1935)

The National Labor Relations Board

What organization organized workers in industrial unions?

Who created it?

What was he the boss of?

Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)

John L. Lewis

The United Mine Workers

Where did one of the first American sit-down strikes take place?

What company avoided a strike by voluntarily granting rights of unionization to its CIO-organized employees?

General Motors factory in Flint, Michigan

United States Steel Company

Where did the Memorial Day massacre take place?

The Republic Steel Company in South Chicago

What act established a minimum wage and maximum hours for industries involved in interstate commerce?

What were the eventual goals of this act?

The Fair Labor Standards Act (Wages and Hours Bill) (1938)

Forty cents an hour, a forty hour week, and forbidden labor for children under 16

What was the rallying cry of professional organizers of labor unionization?

"Roosevelt wants you to join a union"