Q'S 65-129

Which reflex specifically adjusts cardiac output and peripheral resistance to maintain arterial pressures?

Which reflex specifically adjusts cardiac output and peripheral resistance to maintain arterial pressures?

baroreceptor reflex

Shock is an acute circulatory crisis marked by

hypotension and inadequate peripheral blood flow.

During the long-term response to hemorrhage, which hormone(s) prominently promotes fluid retention and reabsorption at the kidneys?

ADH and aldosterone

When one exercises at maximal levels, only the blood supply to the ________ is unaffected.

brain

How do the arteries of the pulmonary circuit differ from those of the systemic circuit?

They carry oxygen-poor blood.

The ________ divides the aorta into a superior thoracic aorta and an inferior abdominal aorta.

diaphragm

The vessel that supplies blood to the muscles of the upper arm, before branching to create vessels that supply the forearm, is the ________ artery.

brachial

The strong pulse that is felt by pressing gently along either side of the trachea usually indicates the location of the ________.

external carotid artery

The pulse point that is palpated on the lateral wrist is actually the location of which of the following?

radial artery

Which age-related change is defined as the formation of a stationary blood clot?

thrombus

The wall between the atria is called the

interatrial septum.

The loose-fitting sac around the heart is lined by the

parietal pericardium.

The innermost layer of the heart wall is the

endocardium

The skeleton of the heart consists of

dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue that encircle the heart valves and the bases of the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

Blood returning directly from the systemic circulation enters the

right atrium

The tricuspid valve is located

between the right atrium and right ventricle

The left and right coronary arteries supply blood to the muscle tissue of the

heart

The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the

ventricles

Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve.

bicuspid

Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the

venae cavae

Which structural feature of the heart is a deep groove usually filled with substantial amounts of fat, marking the border between the atria and the ventricles.

coronary sulcus

The right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and pumps it to the ________.

right ventricle

The heart is surrounded by the ________ cavity.

pericardial

The muscular ridges found on the internal surfaces of the ventricles are collectively called (the) ________.

trabeculae carneae

Each cardiac muscle cell is bound to its neighboring cells at sites called ________.

intercalated discs

The ________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.

systemic

The muscle layer of the heart is the ________.

myocardium

________ permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

Capillaries

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

lungs

The primary function of the venae cavae includes which of the following?

return blood to the right atrium

The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is often called the

mitral valve

Which of the following indicates the start of the systemic circuit?

ascending aorta

The semilunar valve of the left side of the heart prevents backflow from the

aorta

The average pressure in the right ventricle is ________ the pressure in the left ventricle.

considerably lower than

The function of an atrium is to

collect blood returning to the heart

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the

atria

Blood from the viscera and the lower limbs is conducted to the heart through which vessel?

inferior vena cava

Veins that return blood to the heart are also referred to as ________ vessels.

afferent

Cardiac muscle cells have abundant reserves of myoglobin, which function in ________.

storing oxygen

A disorder resulting from the obstruction (buildup of fatty deposits) of coronary circulation is called ________.

coronary artery disease

Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the right ventricle by

arteries

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the

pulmonary veins

In ________, the cusps of the bicuspid valves do not close properly.

mitral valve prolapse

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. \n 1. right atrium \n 2. left atrium \n 3. right ventricle \n 4. left ventricle \n 5. vena cavae \n 6. aorta \n 7. pulmonary trunk \n 8. pulmonary veins \n What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

The cardiac pacemaker cells are located in which of the following?

SA node

Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

P wave

________ is a condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal.

Bradycardia

The QRS complex on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular depolarization.

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to

ventricular repolarization

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called ________.

tachycardia

Abnormal patterns of cardiac activity are known as ________.

arrhythmias

Specialized ________ convey the impulses to the contractile cells of the ventricular myocardium.

Purkinje fibers

In ECG tracings, extension of the P-R interval to more than 200 msec most likely can indicate which of the following?

damage to the conducting pathways

Relaxation of the heart chambers is called

diastole.

Which event marks the beginning of the cardiac cycle?

atrial systole

When a chamber fills with blood and is preparing to begin the next cardiac cycle, that chamber is

in diastole

During ventricular systole-

the ventricles are contracting

Which of the following is greatest during left ventricular systole?

the pressure in the ventricle

The first heart sound ("lubb") is produced as the atrioventricular valves ________ and the semilunar valves ________.

close; open

The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one minute is called the

cardiac output

The amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during a single beat is called the

stroke volume

The amount of blood conveyed to the right atrium is referred to as the

venous return

If a decline in blood pressure or oxygen concentrations occurs, the cardiac centers then call for a(n) ________.

increase in cardiac output

The two heart reflexes directly respond to changes in ________.

blood volume