chem clinical

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

Enzyme present in high concentration in liver and that is measured to assess liver function; SGPT.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP or AP) –Enzyme widely distributed in the body, especially in the liver and bone.

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) –Enzyme present in many tissues, including cardiac, muscle, and liver, that is measured to assess liver function

BUN–Blood Urea Nitrogen: a test measuring urea in blood.

Creatinine Kinase (CK) –Enzyme present in large amounts in brain tissue and heart and skeletal muscle that is measured to aid in diagnosing heart

attack

Creatinine–A breakdown product of creatine that is normally excreted in urine.

Electrolytes –The cations and anions important in maintaining fluid and acid

base balance

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) –Enzyme present in liver,kidney pancreas, and prostate that is measured to assess liver function.

Gout –Painful condition in which blood uric acid is elevated and urates precipitate in joints.

Homeostasis–Tendency toward steady state of equilibrium of body processes

Hypercalcemia –Above

normal blood calcium levels.

Hyperlipidemia –Excessive amount of fat in the blood

Hyperthyroidism–Excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland; excessive secretion of thyroid hormones.

Hypoalbuminemia –Marked decrease in serum albumin concentration

Hypocalcemia –Below normal blood calcium levels.

Hypothyroidism –Thyroid function deficiency

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD or LDH) –Enzyme widely distributed in the body that is measured to assess liver function.

Lipemic –Having a cloudy appearance due to excess lipid content.

Lipids –Any one of a group of fats or fat like substances.

Thyroxine –Thyroid hormone, commonly called T4

Triglycerides –Major storage form of lipids.

Triiodothyronine –One of the thyroid hormones, commonly called T3

Uric Acid –Breakdown product of nucleic acid

Hyperkalemia –Blood potassium levels above normal

Hypernatremia –Blood sodium levels above normal

Hypokalemia –Blood potassium levels below normal

Hyponatremia –Blood sodium levels below normal

Osmolality–Measure indicating the number of dissolved solids in a fluid, usually serum or urine

Atherosclerosis–Condition in which lipids, calcium and other substabces deposit on the inner surface.

Endogenous –Produced within; growing from within

HDL Cholesterol –High

density lipoprotein fraction of total blood cholesterol

LDL Cholesterol –Low

density lipoprotein fraction of total

Chromogen –Substance that becomes colored when it undergoes a chemical change.

Glucagon –Pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose concentration by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Glucose Dehydrogenase –Enzyme used in glucose analytical methods that converts glucose into gluconolactone

Glucose Oxidase

Enzyme used in many glucose analytical methods that converts glucose to gluconic acid

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) –Analyzing blood glucose at timed intervals following ingestion of a standard glucose dose; oral glucose tolerance

test.(OGTT)

Glycogen–Storage form of glucose found in high concentration in the liver

Glycolysis –Energy production as a result of the metabolic breakdown of glucose.

Hexokinase–Enzyme used in glucose analytical methods that converts glucose to glucose

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