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Key player of the secondary hemostasis
Coagulation Factors
The secondary hemostasis comes in different forms
Inactivated enzymes called ___________________
Activated enzymes called _________________
___________ enhances the activity of enzymes
Thrombin substrate called __________________
_______________________ Control proteins that avoid unnecessary blood clotting and maintains balance in secondary hemostasis
○ Enzymes (Zymogens → Serine
protease/Transglutaminase)
○ Cofactors - enhances the activity of enzymes
○ Thrombin substrate - Fibrinogen
○ Plasma glycoproteins - control proteins that avoid
unnecessary blood clotting
■ Maintain balance in secondary hemostasis
This organization named the procoagulants (ICSNBCF)
International Committee for the Standardization of the Nomenclature of the Blood Clotting Factors
____ appears behind the Roman Numeral to denote that the procoagulant has been activated
A
The zymogens include: (7)
The serin proteases include: (7)
● The zymogens include II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, and
prekallikrein.
● The serine proteases are Ila, VIla, IXa, Xa, Xla, XIla,
and kallikrein.
Coagulation groups based on Properties
Fibrinogen Group
Vitamin K-Dependent Prothrombin Group
Contact Group
Coagulation Groups based on Pathway
Intrinsic Pathway
Extrinsic Pathway
Common Pathway
Coagulation Group Based on properties
Fibrinogen Group
Prothrombin Group
Contact Group
Fibrinogen Group
Members: (4)
Completely consumed in __________
Cleaved by _________
Destroyed by __________
Group that has the Highest _________________
__________ independent
_____________ dependent
● Members: I,V, VIII, XIII
● Completely consumed in clotting
● Not present in serum
● Cleaved by thrombin
● Destroyed by plasmin
○ Plasmin - Protein involved in fibrinolysis
● Found in platelets: I, V, VIll
● VITAMIN K INDEPENDENT
● CALCIUM DEPENDENT
● With HIGHEST molecular weight
Prothrombin group
Members: (4)
Produced in the ________
Presented in Fresh __________ and _________
Absorbed by ________________ and ____________
________ and ____________ dependent
Reduced by ____________________
● Members: II, VII, IX, X
● Produced in the liver
● Present in FRESH plasma and serum
● Adsorbed by Barium sulfate (BaS04) and Aluminum
Hydroxide (Al(OH)3)
● VITAMIN K DEPENDENT
● CALCIUM DEPENDENT
● Reduced by oral anticoagulant
(Warfarin/Coumadin/Coumarin)
Quinone found in green leafy vegetables that is produced by intestinal bacteria. Enables the coagulation factors and coagulation control proteins to bind ionic calcium and cell membrane phospholipids, especially phosphatidylserine
Vitamin K
Members of the Contact Group: (4)
Produced in the ________
Presented in fresh __________ and ______________
Activation required:
In vivo:
IN vitro
_________________ independent
_________________ Dependent
● Members: XII, PK, HMWK, XI
● Produced in the liver
● Present in FRESH plasma and serum
● Activation: required contact with foreign surface
○ In vivo
○ In vitro
● VITAMIN K INDEPENDENT
● CALCIUM DEPENDENT
Pathway that means “originating outside”, it is started by the Tissue Factor, which is normally outside the bloodstream or vascular system
Extrinsic Pathway or Tissue Factor Pathway
Extrinsic Pathway can be determined using
Prothrombin Time
Pathway that means “originating from within” It involves coagulatio factors circulating within the bloodstream that are activated when they contact the surfaces of certain cells
Intrinsic or Contact Activation Pathway
Pathway that links extrinsic and intrinsic pathway,, its final product is the formation of fibrin clot, initiated by either intrinsic or extrinsic pathway or both
Common Pathway
