Components of secondary Hemostasis

Key player of the secondary hemostasis

Coagulation Factors

The secondary hemostasis comes in different forms

Inactivated enzymes called ___________________

Activated enzymes called _________________

___________ enhances the activity of enzymes

Thrombin substrate called __________________

_______________________ Control proteins that avoid unnecessary blood clotting and maintains balance in secondary hemostasis

○ Enzymes (Zymogens → Serine

protease/Transglutaminase)

○ Cofactors - enhances the activity of enzymes

○ Thrombin substrate - Fibrinogen

○ Plasma glycoproteins - control proteins that avoid

unnecessary blood clotting

■ Maintain balance in secondary hemostasis

This organization named the procoagulants (ICSNBCF)

International Committee for the Standardization of the Nomenclature of the Blood Clotting Factors

____ appears behind the Roman Numeral to denote that the procoagulant has been activated

A

The zymogens include: (7)

The serin proteases include: (7)

● The zymogens include II, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, and

prekallikrein.

● The serine proteases are Ila, VIla, IXa, Xa, Xla, XIla,

and kallikrein.

Coagulation groups based on Properties

Fibrinogen Group

Vitamin K-Dependent Prothrombin Group

Contact Group

Coagulation Groups based on Pathway

Intrinsic Pathway

Extrinsic Pathway

Common Pathway

Coagulation Group Based on properties

Fibrinogen Group

Prothrombin Group

Contact Group

Fibrinogen Group

Members: (4)

Completely consumed in __________

Cleaved by _________

Destroyed by __________

Group that has the Highest _________________

__________ independent

_____________ dependent

● Members: I,V, VIII, XIII

● Completely consumed in clotting

● Not present in serum

● Cleaved by thrombin

● Destroyed by plasmin

○ Plasmin - Protein involved in fibrinolysis

● Found in platelets: I, V, VIll

● VITAMIN K INDEPENDENT

● CALCIUM DEPENDENT

● With HIGHEST molecular weight

Prothrombin group

Members: (4)

Produced in the ________

Presented in Fresh __________ and _________

Absorbed by ________________ and ____________

________ and ____________ dependent

Reduced by ____________________

● Members: II, VII, IX, X

● Produced in the liver

● Present in FRESH plasma and serum

● Adsorbed by Barium sulfate (BaS04) and Aluminum

Hydroxide (Al(OH)3)

● VITAMIN K DEPENDENT

● CALCIUM DEPENDENT

● Reduced by oral anticoagulant

(Warfarin/Coumadin/Coumarin)

Quinone found in green leafy vegetables that is produced by intestinal bacteria. Enables the coagulation factors and coagulation control proteins to bind ionic calcium and cell membrane phospholipids, especially phosphatidylserine

Vitamin K

Members of the Contact Group: (4)

Produced in the ________

Presented in fresh __________ and ______________

Activation required:

In vivo:

IN vitro

_________________ independent

_________________ Dependent

● Members: XII, PK, HMWK, XI

● Produced in the liver

● Present in FRESH plasma and serum

● Activation: required contact with foreign surface

○ In vivo

○ In vitro

● VITAMIN K INDEPENDENT

● CALCIUM DEPENDENT

Pathway that means “originating outside”, it is started by the Tissue Factor, which is normally outside the bloodstream or vascular system

Extrinsic Pathway or Tissue Factor Pathway

Extrinsic Pathway can be determined using

Prothrombin Time

Pathway that means “originating from within” It involves coagulatio factors circulating within the bloodstream that are activated when they contact the surfaces of certain cells

Intrinsic or Contact Activation Pathway

Pathway that links extrinsic and intrinsic pathway,, its final product is the formation of fibrin clot, initiated by either intrinsic or extrinsic pathway or both

Common Pathway