digestive system

FEB 2023

carbohydrates

needed for energy
amylase →sugar →saliva, small intestines, pancreas

proteins

repairs cells
growth
prolease → amino acid →small intestine

fat

energy store
lipease → glycerol/fatty acids → small intestines

vitamins & minerals

fight infections
strong bones
makes red blood cells

fibre

helps digestion

water

concentration
less tired
everything

test for starch

iodine - blue/black

test for glucose/sugar

benedict regent (+heat) - green - brick red

test for protein

biuret - purple

test for lipids

filter paper (+ethanol)

digestive system

mouth
saliva gland
oseosphagus /gullet
liver
stomach
pancreas
gall bladder
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus

job of enzyme

proteins that help break down large food molecules (speeding up digestion) so nutrients can go into the blood stream

small intestine adaptations

large surface area
→villi
→very long (9m)
has a very dense blood supply
diffusion

rectum

poo is stored here

salivary glands

produces saliva

anus

poo is egested here

gullet

food is pushed down this tube into the stomach

mouth

teeth grind the food and mix it with saliva

stomach

churns up food with acid

large intestine

water is taken out of undigested food

small intestine

most digestion occurs here. small molecules are absorbed into bloodstream

food groups

carbohydrates

proteins

lipids

vitamins

minerals

fibre

water

food groups benefits

carbohydrates - source of energy

proteins - cell growth & repair

lipids - energy store, cell membranes are made from lipids

vitamins - fights infections

minerals - strong bones, makes red blood cells

fibre - helps waste pass through digestive system

water - makes you less tired, helps concentration