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Derived from λ and M13 genomes, used to transduce bacteria, Can integrate (lysogenic) or not integrate (lytic) into the host genome
Origin of replication, multiple cloning site, promoter/regulatory elements, selectable marker, and reporter genes
Origin of replication
Allows the plasmid to replicate independently within the host cell
Multiple Cloning Site
Contains unique sequences for inserting foreign DNA
Promoter/Regulatory Elements
Drive the transcription of inserted genes
Selectable Marker
Antibiotic resistance genes to select for positive cells
Reporter Genes
Visual markers like lacZ (β-galactosidase) or GFP (green fluorescent protein)
Engineered viruses used to deliver genetic material into plant and animal cells