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New England emigrant aid company

Organized by northern abolitionist and Freesoilers; paid for the transportation of anti-slavery settlers to Kansas

Bleeding Kansas

What the territory became known as because fighting broke out between proslavery and anti-slavery groups; started with the killing of five slave supporters by John Brown and his supporters

Pottawatomie Creek

Settlement were John Brown and his sons killed five at a proslavery farm

Lecompton constitution

Proslavery form of government for Kansas submitted by southern legislature; did not have majority support, but Buchanan suggested Congress accept it and admit Kansas as a slave state; it was rejected by settlers and Congress

Stephen a Douglas

Senator from Illinois who proposed to building a transcontinental railroad through the center of the country to promote western settlement. Also proposed Kansas Nebraska bill

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Douglas's bill that propose splitting Nebraska into two parts with each deciding if they would have slaves. Northern democrats condemned bill to having slave power, but it was passed in 1854

Franklin Pierce

From New Hampshire; Democrats nominated him and he won the election of 1852; supported fugitive slave law

Know-Nothing Party

Political group whose goal was to slow down/block immigration and naturalization in the US; opposed immigration

Republican party

Founded in Wisconsin and 1854 by former wigs as reaction to Kansas Nebraska act; composed of free soilers, anti-slavery wigs, and anti-slavery Democrats; purpose was to oppose spread of slavery in the territories, not to end it; called for repeal of the Kansas Nebraska act and fugitive slave law and became second largest party in the country; strictly northern (sectional party)

John C Fremont

California senator, A.k.a. explorer and pathfinder, who Republicans nominated for election of 1856; lost but carried 11 of the 16 free states

Millard Fillmore

Know nothing party candidate for election of 1856; won 20%of the popular vote

James Buchanan

Democrat candidate for election of 1856; was from Pennsylvania; won election/15th President of the United States; for popular sovereignty and try to maintain balance between proslavery and anti-slavery factions, but views angered radicals in north and south

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Enslaved man who escaped Wisconsin for two years and then return to Missouri where he claimed he was free because he lived on free soil. Supreme Court ruled 1) Blacks were not citizens so he could not sue 2) Slaves were property so they could be taken to any territory and be held there in slavery 3) Missouri compromise was unconstitutional in Congress had no power to ban slavery from the territories

Lincoln Douglas debates

Series of seven debates. The two argued important issues such as popular sovereignty, the Lecompton constitution, and Dred Scott decision. They won different Debates but eventually ones position helped him win the election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln

Lawyer and former member of Illinois legislature; republican candidate for election of 1860; served one term in Congress in 1840 as a wig; was an abolitionist and spoke of slavery as a moral issue. Won the election of 1860

House divided speech

One Lincoln his fame; said government/union cannot function as half slave and half free

Freeport doctrine

Established by Douglas when he said that slavery cannot exist in a community if local citizens did not pass laws (slave codes) maintaining it

Summer Brooks incident

1856; Charles summer from Massachusetts gave a two day speech on the Senate floor (a.k.a. the crime against Kansas) included personal remarks about South Carolina senator Andrew Butler. Butler's nephew congressman Preston Brooks defended his uncle by walking in and beating summer repeatedly over the head with a cane; summer never fully recovered

Roger Taney

Chief Justice during Dred Scott V sandford who was a southern democrat

John Brown

Northern abolitionist who Mascord five farmers in Kansas; October 1859, lead followers to attack federal arsenal at harpers ferry. Wanted to use guns to arm Virginian slaves. Robert E Lee captured him after two days siege and was hung

Harpers ferry

Where John Brown wanted to attack federal arsenal

John C Breckenridge

Vice president from Kentucky that southern Democrats nominated for president in 1860

Constitutional union party

Formed by former members of wigs, know nothings, and moderate Democrats who feared a Republican victory

John Bell

Candidate from Tennessee for election of 1860 nominated by constitutional union party

Secession

When the state attempts to leave the union; 11 southern states threaten to do this in 1860

Crittenden compromise

Proposed by Senator John Crittenden of Kentucky; a constitutional amendment that would guarantee the right to hold slaves in all territories south of 3630; Lincoln said he cannot except it because it violated Republican position regarding slavery in territory

Border States

Slave states that did not succeed from the union and the confederacy formed (Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia)

Fort Sumter

Harbor of Charleston South Carolina; cut off by southern control of it; Lincoln gave South Carolina choice and South Carolina open fire on April 12, 1861 and war began. Attack on it and capture after two days united most Northerners