unit 2 - pattterns and speciation of evolution PDF

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to patterns of evolution, including definitions and concepts of speciation, divergence, and mimicry.

Divergent Evolution

Two or more species diverge from a common ancestor and evolve independently.

Adaptive Radiation

A form of Divergent Evolution where a single species evolves into several distinct species to fill different ecological niches.

Convergent Evolution

When two different species evolve to occupy similar ecological niches despite being from different ancestors.

Coevolution

The process where one species evolves in response to the evolution of another species, often seen in mutualistic relationships.

Allopatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs due to geographic isolation preventing populations from exchanging genetic information.

Sympatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs when populations split into separate gene pools within the same geographic area.

Prezygotic Mechanisms

Reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent mating or fertilization before the zygote can form.

Postzygotic Mechanisms

Reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent the maturation and reproduction of hybrids after the zygote has formed.

Mimicry

The resemblance of one organism to another that enhances its fitness through the protection it gains from looking like a more dangerous species.

Speciation

The evolutionary formation of new species.