Summer Final

What is the most common contamination?

Direct Contact

The term for acquiring an infection through mucosal tissue is?

Droplet infection

What infection control measures help prevent disease transmission from the dental team to the patient?

Gloves, Masks, Handwashing

The Purpose of the OSHA Blood borne Pathogens?

Protect employees

How often must the practice's Exposure control plan be reviewed and updated?

Annually

Standard Precautions are used to?

protect healthcare providers form pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid.

What agency had recently released infection control guidelines ?

Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

What is true about latex allergies?

The Primary cause of death associated with latex allergies is anaphlaxis, there is no specific cure for latex allergies, persons who suspect they have a latex allergy should see a physician.

Irritant dermatitis does not involve the immune system (TorF)

True

What must an employee do if he or she does not want the hepatitis B vaccine?

Sign and informed refusal form.

Long artificial nails and rings should be avoided when working in the dental office because?

they can stab/scratch a patient, they could harbor pathogens, and they can contaminate items

An Example of PPE is

Gloves

What determines the type of PPE that should be worn?

Risk of Exposure

An example of protective eyewear is

Side shields

What is perhaps the most critical piece of PPE?

Gloves

Sterile gloves are most commonly worn for a

Surgical procedure

When should utility gloves be worn

When disinfecting the treatment area, and when preparing instruments for sterilization.

What type of gloves should be worn to open drawers during a procedure

Overgloves

An example of contaminated waste is ?

Patient napkins, and Used barriers

Another term for infectious waste is?

Regulated Waste

Latent infection

a persistent infection in which symptoms come and go

Acute infection

symptoms that are quite severe and of short duration

Chronic infection

an infection of long duration

OSHA BBP standard

designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood born pathogens

Direct contact

touching or contact with a patients blood or saliva; most common route of contamination

Indirect contact

touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument

Droplet infection

exposure enters the mucosal surface of the eyes, nose, or mouth; the term for acquiring an infection through mucosal tissues; AKA airborne transmission

Percutaneous

exposure enters through the skin, such as though needle sticks, cuts, and human bites.

Permucosal

exposure contacts mucous membranes, such as the eye or the mouth.

occupational exposure

any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact, or percutaneous injury with blood or any other potentially infectious materials, that occurs during work hours

standard precautions

standard of care that is designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid, excretion, or secretion.

personal protective equipment

items such as protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear to protect employees

hazardous waste

waste that presents danger to humans or the environment

infectious waste

waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease

sharps

contaminated needles, scalpel blades, orthodontic wires, and endodontic instruments

contaminated waste

contaminated items that may contain the body fluids of patients, such as gloves and patient napkins; another term for infectious waste.

amplhylaxis

most severe form of immediate allergic reaction

communicable diseases

infections that can be spread from another person or through contact with body fluids

inherited immunity

immunity that is present at birth

acquired immunity

immunity that develops during a persons lifetime

natural acquired immunity

occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease

artificially acquired immunity

occurs as the result of vaccination

infection prevention

ultimate goal of all infection control procedures and policies

centers for disease control and prevention

what agency has recently released infection control guidelines

True

irritant dermatitis does not involve the immune system

gloves, handwashing, masks

What infection control measures help prevent disease transmission from the dental team to the patient

protect employees

purpose of the OSHA blood borne pathogens standard

anually

how often must the exposure control plan be reviewed and updated?

sign an informed refusal form

what must an employee do if he or she does not want the hepatitis b vaccine?

stab/scratch patients, harbor pathogens, contaminate items

why should long artificial nails and rings be avoided when one is working in a dental office?

risk of exposure

what determines the type of PPE that should be worn?

side shields

what is an example of protective eyewear?

gloves

most critical piece of PPE?

surgical procedures

sterile gloves are most commonly worn for what?

when disinfecting the treatment area and when preparing instruments for sterilization.

when should utility gloves be worn?

overgloves

gloves worn to open drawers during a dental procedure

patient napkins and used barriers

example of contaminated waste

virulence, number of microorganisms, susceptible host, portal of entry

the chain of infection

virulence

strength of pathogens ability to cause disease; also known as pathogenicity

immunity

ability of the body to resist disease

epidemiologic

studies of the patterns and causes of diseases

blood-borne pathogens

disease causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids

pathogen

disease causing organism; virus

surface barrier

a fluid-impervious material that is used to cover surfaces that are likely to become contaminated

transfer surfaces

surfaces that are not directly touched but often are touched by contaminated instruments.

splash, spatter, & droplet surfaces

surfaces that do not contact the members of the dental team or the contaminated instruments or supplies.

precleaning

the removal of bioburden before disinfection.

disinfectant

a chemical to reduce or lower the number of microorganisms.

residual activity

the action that continues long after initial application.

bioburden

blood, saliva, & other body fluids.

tuberculocidal

agent is capable of inactivating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

broad-spectrum

a disinfectant that is capable of killing wide range microbes is labeled....

iodophor

an EPA-registered intermediate-level hospital disinfectant

synthetic phenol compound

an EPA-registered intermediate-level hospital disinfectant with broad-spectrum disinfecting action.

glutaraldehyde

classified as a high-level disinfectant or sterilant

chlorine dioxide

an effective rapid-acting environmental surface disinfectant or chemical sterilant.

intermediate level disinfectant

destroys M. tuberculosis, viruses, fungi, & vegetative bacteria & is used for disinfecting dental operatory surfaces.

low level disinfectant

destroys certain viruses & fungi & can be used for general housecleaning purposes.

greener infection control

minimizing the environmental impact of infection control products & procedures.

Why must surfaces in dental treatment rooms be disinfected or protected with barriers?

To prevent patient-to-patient transmission of microorganisms.

Which of the following is used to prevent surface contamination?

Disinfection and barriers.

What is the purpose of surface barriers?

To prevent cross contamination

Which Regulatory Agency Requires the use of Surface Disinfection

OSHA

Why must surfaces be precleaned?

Remove Bioburden

Which would most commonly be covered with a barrier instead of being disinfected?

light switch

Where are antiseptics used?

On skin

Which agency regulates disinfectants?

EPA

Which of the following chemical solutions is recommended for items that cannot withstand heat sterilization?

Glutaraldehyde

What is the name of the disinfectant that can leave a reddish or yellowish stain?

Iodophors

What is disadvantage of synthetic phenols?

They can leave a residual film on surfaces.

What is a common term for sodium hypochlorite

bleach

Which disinfectant is not effective if blood or saliva is present?

alcohol

What is a common use of chlorine dioxide?

To disinfect surfaces; as a sterilant.

Which is a way to practice greener infection control?

Conserve water and energy, use products with recyclable packaging, use digital radiography

\___ are slime-producing bacterial communities that may also harbor fungi, algae, and protozoa

Biofilm

The bacterium responsible for the disease legionellosis is

Legionella

\_____ is the use of membrane filters to trap microorganisms suspended in water.

Microfiltration

\_____ are the minimum number of separable cells on the surface of a semisolid agar medium that create a visible colony

Colony-forming units

\_____ are made of small-bore plastic tubing and are used to deliver dental treatment water through a dental unit

Dental unit waterlines

A(n) \_____ is a container that is used to hold and supply water or other solutions to handpieces and air-water syringes attached to a dental unit.

Self-contained water reservoir