ASCI 220 Animal Nutrition

Lecture Slides

Generic epithet (singular)

Genus

Generic epithet (plural)

Genera

Specific epithet (singular)

Sp.

Specific epithet (plural)

Spp.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Subphylum

Vertebrata

Classes

Pices, Amphibia, Reptilia/Aves, Mammalia

Orders (Aves and Reptilia)

Galliformes and Anseriformes

Orders (Mammalia)

Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla

Family under Galliformes

Phasianidae (ground fowl)

Family under Anseriformes

Anatidae (water fowl)

Families under Carnivora

Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae

Families under Perissodactyla

Odd-toed ungulates, Equidae

Subfamily of Equidae

Equinae

Families under Artiodactyla

Suidae and Bovidae

Subfamilies of Bovidae

Bovinae, Caprinae

Four Major Regions of the GI Tract

Headgut, Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut

Four Major Types of Digestion

Mechanical, Chemical, Enzymatic (auto and allo enzymatic)

What is Auto-enzymatic digestion

Enzymes produced by the animal (saliva, stomach, and small intestine secretions)

What is Allo-enzymatic digestion

Enzymes coming from somewhere else (microbiome)

Processes and Models of GI Tract

Batch reactor, Stirred-tank reactor, Plug flow reactor, and Modified plug flow reactor

Batch Reactor

• Discontinuous

• Uniform in composition

• Composition changes with time

• Discontinuous output

• Ex. Ceca, Glandular stomach of humans

Stirred-Tank Reactor

• Continuous flow

• Spherical vessel

• Uniform in composition

• Composition doesn’t change with time

• Ex. Cecum, Reticulorumen, Glandular stomach of a horse

Plug Flow Reactor

• Continuous

• Tubular vessel

• Radial not axial mixing ( o shaped)

• Uniform composition

• Composition constant with time

• Ex. Small intestine

Modified Plug Flow Reactor

• Continuous flow

• Tubiform shaped

• Radial and Axial mixing ( 8 shaped)

• Composition is uniform

• Ex. Proximal colon in hindgut fermenters