EDUC 2420 Ch. 1,2,10 Test

How much sleep does a teen need?

8-10 hours

Only 1 in ____ teens get the amount of sleep recommended by sleep scientists.

10

True or False? Lack of sleep can affect moodiness, irritability, laziness, depression, reasoning, problem-solving, good judgement, concentration, attention, learning, substance abuse, and suicide.

TRUE

The production of ______ shifts for teens from 9pkm to 11 pm at night so they don’t get sleepy before 11.

Melatonin

Medical orgs recommend that schools start no earlier than _____.

8:30

What benefits does a later school start time have?

• better academics

• attendance increase

• drop out rate decreases

• car crash rates decrease

True or False? If teens go to bed earlier they will get enough sleep.

FALSE

True or False? Cell phones interrupt sleep and stimulate the brain.

TRUE

True or False? In the United States, more than half of today’s adolescents and young people get more than 60 minutes of physical activity a day.

FALSE

True or False? Lack of activity can be as detrimental to health as smoking.

TRUE

True or False? The No Child Left Behind Act mandated that school drop physical education.

False

True or False? Obese children are likely to lose their extra weight during puberty and not become obese adults.

FALSE

True or False? Most schools require daily P.E. classes for students K-12.

FALSE

What are the benefits of recess?

• improved behavior

• better attention

• healthy appetite

What are some of the causes of childhood obesity?

• tv watching

• video games and computer use

• family and parental influence

What are the benefits of physical activity?

• aerobic capacity

• muscle and bone strength

• improved self-concept

• improved academic performance

In the U. S., what percentage of new cases of sexually transmitted infections occur in people are aged 15-24 years old?

50%

A sexually transmitted infection can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or ______________.

parasites

True or False? The only way to contract an STI is through vaginal sex.

FALSE

True or False? Everyone who contracts a sexually transmitted infection has noticeable symptoms.

FALSE

What are symptoms of STIs?

• foul odor

• burning during urination

• abnormal discharge

• bumps and sores

A sexually transmitted infection can be contracted through unprotected sex, being stuck contaminated needles or receiving a contaminated blood transfusion or organ. The last reason is rare in the United States because of rigorous

testing

Ways to protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections include _________________.

• latex condoms

• abstinence

How often should a person who is sexually active be tested STIs?

once a year

1 out ____ adolescents are the victim of physical, sexual, emotional, or verbal abuse from a dating partner.

3

Young women between the ages of 16 and ______ experience the highest rate of intimate partner violence.

24

Experiencing abuse in a relationship is associated with a(n) ________ in school attendance and academic performance.

decrease

True or False? A majority of teens who experience abuse from an intimate partner confide in adults about the abuse.

FALSE

True or False? Blocking a person is not considered physical abuse.

FALSE

Humiliation, insults, stalking, and isolation are examples of __________ abuse.

emotional

Excessive phone calls or text messages are examples of ________ abuse.

technology

What are some red flags of teen dating violence?

• crying spells

• increase in substance abuse

• afraid to break up bc of fear of retribution

• tells themselves it’s their fault

How does the textbook describe the adolescent period of development? Is this description an old or fairly recent one? p. 4

It’s a recent social construct of development around the teenage years

What marked adolescence as a separate period of development and why? p. 4

Industrial revolution and child labor/school laws. Children started doing things other than adult work and were forced to go to school.

When was compulsory education expanded?

Labor laws banned children from working heavy machines and to limit the danger further they were required to go to school during the industrial rev.

Why were juvenile courts established?

Since they didn’t work anymore kids had free time to get into mischievous activities

What is the Bio-Psycho-Social model?

development is influenced by biological growth and change, psychological internal thoughts, social context, and constant interaction.

Who developed the Bio-Psycho-Social model?

Engel

Who developed the Ecological (Bio-ecological) systems theory model?

Bronfenbrenner

What is the Ecological (Bio-ecological) systems theory model?

individuals develop within a multi layered, social and environmental system.

What is the Dynamic systems theory model?

emphasizing the ever changing nature of the system and the adjustments made to adapt

What system plays the main role in puberty?

endocrine system

What gland is key to puberty?

pituitary gland

What hormone stimulates male development?

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

What hormone stimulates female development?

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

List the primary sex characteristics.

testes, ovaries, sperm, mensuration

List the secondary sex characteristics.

breasts, hair

In general, do boys or girls have growth spurts first?

girls

According to the chart on p. 17, when do girls’ height gain peak?

12

According to the chart on p. 17, when do boys’ height gain peak?

15

Name the parts of the body that start to rapid growth first?

head, feet, and hands (limbs)

By the end of adolescence, the muscle to fat ratio for boys is?

3-1

By the end of adolescence, the muscle to fat ratio for girls is?

5-4

What does the Tanner Scale chart detail? Does it summarize primary, secondary or both sex characteristics?

sexual development, secondary

What is the pattern of earlier onset of puberty called?

secular trend

Define menarche. It begins the process of what?

First menstrual period (start of ovulation)

Define semenarche. It begins the production of what?

First ejaculation (start of sperm production)

What is the storm-and-stress view?

the adolescent period is when teens are under the most stress and their emotions are heightened

Describe the mood fluctuations of adolescents versus adults.

adolescents have a shorter fuse, don’t think as rationally

Is teenage moodiness universal in all cultures?

No, every culture is different

Define myelination.

brain maturation process where axonal bundles are wrapped by mileage sheets (nervous system necessity)

What is the main function of the parietal, temporal lobes and the prefrontal cortex?

• parietal - sensory perception

• temporal - manages emotions and memories

• prefrontal cortex - regulates, thought, emotions, actions (the hub of you)

How does the brain develop—from the outside to the center or from the center outward? What area of the brain develops last?

from the center outwards, prefrontal cortex develops last

Why do adolescents engage in risky behaviors?

there not fully developed yet so there rationale is not as sound as an adult

How has the age of menarche changed?

it’s declining

Know the outcomes of early and late maturation.

…

Which girls seem to have most dissatisfaction with their bodies—White, Latina, or African American?

White

Why do adolescent eating habits change?

there parents are not there for every meal anymore, they have to feed themselves sometimes resulting in diet changes

Which teens are more likely to eat fresh fruit and vegetables? Why?

teens with a higher socioeconomic background because these foods can be inconvenient and more expensive

Why do nutritional experts criticize school lunches?

they are usually highly processed, fried, and full of sugar

What is known about the participation in sports over the past 25 years? Whose participation has increased more?

girl’s participation has increased

What law mandated equal funding for girls’ and boys’ sports programs in public schools?

Title ix

According to the CDC, what percentage of adolescents have had sexual intercourse?

47%

What is the median age of first intercourse for boys and girls?

16-17

What is true about the number of high school students who have reported having sexual intercourse from 1991 to 2013?

it’s gone up and down but roughly has stayed the same

As adolescents get older, what happens to the length of romantic relationships? p. 277 What behaviors does hooking up include?

They get longer, hooking up includes casual sexual relations

What year did the Supreme Court rule that prohibitions on gay marriage where unconstitutional?

2015

What is the status of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” military policy? Is it still policy?

it was eliminated for being discriminatory against lgbt service members

LGTBQ adolescents are more likely to be ? List 3 things.

• bullied

• sexually harassed

• suicidal and depressed

List the four primary sources where teens obtain get information about sex.

• Parents

• schools

• friends

• social media

What is true about the rate of sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancy in the United States?

they’re among the highest in the industrialized world

What was the effect of abstinence-only programs funded during the George W. Bush administration? Are students more likely to delay initiation of sexual activity?

the number of schools offering abstinence only education programs increased, and no

What ethnic groups of girls are more likely to get pregnant?

African American and Latina

In what regions of the United States are teens more likely to get pregnant?

the southern regions of the U.S.

Between 1990 and 2010, what is true about the rates of pregnancy and abortion? Did it increase or decline?

declined

According to the American Psychological Association, what age range does more than half of HIV infections occur? Who disproportionately is more likely to be infected?

ages 15-19 WOC

What is the most common form of birth control?

condoms and pills

What percentage of girls report to have been sexually harassed in the 6th grade?

38%

Although both bullying and sexual harassment affect health, which is more harmful and what are some of the effects?

Sexual harassment has more harmful effects

• low self-esteem

• mental health problems

• trauma

Estimates of the percentage of adolescents who experience physical aggression during dating range from 9 to what percent?

46%