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Studied by 12 peoplelearning and motivation chap 1
- behavior: observable or measurable activity, internal or external (ex: heart rates, etc.)
- learning: relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience
- Watson
- must study behavior instead of introspection and self-reported thoughts and feelings
- behaviorism: focuses on the study of environmental influences on observable behavior
- goal: predicting and controlling behavior
- methodological behaviorism
- AKA stimulus-response theory
- connection formed between specific stimulus and specific response
- hull
- s-r connections: building blocks of behavior
- neobehaviorism: infer the existence of internal events from connection between environment and behavior
- largely operationalized physiological-type reactions (ex: hunger drive, tiredness, etc.)
- tolman
- cognitive behaviorism: utilizes intervening variables to explain behavior
- intervening variables: hypothesized cognitive processes (ex: expectation)
- similar to Gestalt theory ➝ sum is greater than parts
- cognitive maps: mental representation of one’s spatial surroundings
- learning is different than performance
- latent learning
- bandura
- social learning theory - emphasizes importance of observational learning and cognitive variables explaining human behavior
- reciprocal determinism: environmental events and observable behavior and thoughts / feelings mutually influence each other
- b.f. skinner
- radical behaviorism: emphasizes influence of environment on observable behavior
- countercontrol: when we understand how the environment affects us, we can change the environment to our benefit
- genetics
- operant conditioning resembles the evolutionary principle
- adaptive behaviors increase in frequency
- nonadaptive behaviors decrease in frequency
- using behaviorism today
- applied behavior analysis / behavior modification
- treating / managing clinical disorders
- doctors w/o borders - clinical psychologists
- improving educational practices
- treating children with developmental and intellectual disabilities (especially autism)
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5.0(1)