AP Chemistry Unit 3 Part 2 Test

kinetic molecular theory

kinetic molecular theory

explains the properties of an ideal gas

maxwell-boltzmann distribution

describes the distribution of KEs of particles at a given temperature

increases

for the same gas:
as temperature increases particle speed _______________ (increases/decreases/remains constant)

decreases

if temperature is held constant:
as mass of a gas increases particle speed _______________ (increases/decreases/remains constant)

increases

for the same gas:
as temperature increases kinetic energy _______________ (increases/decreases/remains constant)

stays the same

for the temperature :
as mass increases kinetic energy _______________ (increases/decreases/remains constant)

chromatography and distillation

these methods allow us to separate liquids

intermolecular forces

we can separate liquids based on differences in ________________ ______________

paper, thin layer, and column

types of chromatography (3)

solutio

mobile phase

paper, tlc plate, or column

stationary phase

distillation

the separation of 2 liquids based on the difference in boiling points

column chromatography

allows us to separate out impurities and obtain our target molecule

silica gel

stationary phase in column and thin layer chromatography

molecules that can hydrogen bond

these molecules are attracted to silica gel

you can separate out more material

benefit of column chromatography over TLC

to obtain just the target molecule

why do we collect the solvent in fractions in column chromatography

different polarities

different molecules come out at different times in column chromatography due to this

most

the ________ (most/least) polar molecule comes out first in column chromatography

TLC

this is done at the end of column chromatography to make sure the sample is pure

spectroscopy

the study of the interaction between light and matter

spectroscopy

can determine the structure and concentration in a mixture of chemical species

spectrophotometry

a technique that uses electromagnetic radiation to measure the concentration of a substance

a solution's absorbance of light

spectrophotometry measures this

microwave

___________________ radiation is associated with transitions in molecular rotational levels

infared

__________________ radiation is associated with transitions in molecular vibrational levels

ultraviolent/visible

___________________ radiation is associated with transitions in electronic energy levels

transitions in electronic energy levels

when ground state electrons move to a higher energy level or relax from an excited state to ground state

electromagnetic radiation

radient energy including visible light, infared radiation, microwaves, radio waves, and x-rays

wave-like

electromagnetic radiation traveling through a vacuum moves in a _______________ motion

frequency, wavelength, energy

each wave of electromagnetic radiation has these 3 things

Hz or s-1

unit for frequency

meters

unit for wavelength

joules

unit for energy

white light

light as it originates from the sun or a bulb before it is broken into different frequencies

continuous spectrum

contains all the wavelengths of visible light

line spectrum

each line corresponds to a discrete wavelength

quanta

a discrete quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents

frequency

energy of a photon is based on _______________ (frequency/intensity)

beer lambert law

relates the absorption of light by a solution to molar absorptivitiy, path length, and concentration