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Introduction to Software Architecture
Software architecture is the high-level structure of a software system that defines how different components interact. It acts as a blueprint that ensures software is scalable, maintainable, and efficient.
Key Goals of Software Architecture
Organization of components
for clarity and efficiency.
Key Goals of Software Architecture
Scalability
to handle future growth.
Key Goals of Software Architecture
Security and maintainability
for long-term software success
Key Components of Software Architecture
A. User Interface (UI) Layer
• The front-end that users interact with.
Ensures usability and accessibility.
Key Components of Software Architecture
B. Business Logic Layer
Processes user requests and applies business rules.
Ensures the system performs the intended operations.
C. Data Layer
Handles database management and data retrieval.
Stores user information, transactions, and settings.
D. Security Layer
Ensures data protection and access control.
Implements encryption, authentication, and authorization.
Why Software Architecture Matters
A well-structured architecture provides:
Performance
Scalability
Security
Maintainability
4. Software Architecture Patterns
A. Layered Architecture (N-Tier Architecture)
Organizes software into layers: UI, Business Logic, Data, and Security.
Easier to modify individual layers without affecting the whole system.
Widely used in web applications.
B. Client-Server Architecture
Separates clients (users) from servers (data processing).
Users interact with an application through a client, while a server handles requests.
Common in web-based applications.
C. Microservices Architecture
Breaks the system into small, independent services.
Improves scalability and fault tolerance.
Each microservice can be updated without affecting the entire system.
D. Event-Driven Architecture
Uses events to trigger system actions.
Improves responsiveness and scalability.
Common in real-time applications.
5. Security Considerations in Software Architecture
A. Centralized Security Model
Stores all sensitive data in a single, highly protected location.
Reduces attack surface but may become a single point of failure.
5. Security Considerations in Software Architecture
B. Distributed Security Model
Security is applied at multiple layers.
Less risk of total system compromise.
Security Best Practices:
Data Encryption
Access Control
Regular Audits
6. Architectural Design Considerations
Performance:
Will the system handle real-time data processing?
6. Architectural Design Considerations
Scalability:
Can the system grow without performance issues?
6. Architectural Design Considerations
Maintainability:
Can developers easily update and debug the system?
6. Architectural Design Considerations
Security:
How will the system protect user data?
7. Software Deployment and Delivery Models
A. On-Premise Deployment
Software is installed on company-owned servers.
Provides full control over security and data management.
7. Software Deployment and Delivery Models
B. Cloud-Based Deployment
Hosted on cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.
Easier to scale and maintain.
7. Software Deployment and Delivery Models
C. Hybrid Deployment
Combines on-premise and cloud environments.
8. Future Trends in Software Architecture
Serverless Computing:
Developers run applications without managing servers (e.g., AWS Lambda).
8. Future Trends in Software Architecture
AI-Driven Architectures:
Uses machine learning for automation and prediction.
8. Future Trends in Software Architecture
Edge Computing:
Moves computation closer to users for real-time processing.
8. Future Trends in Software Architecture
Quantum Computing Integration:
Future software will leverage quantum processing power.
9. Conclusion: Why Software Architecture Matters
Software performs efficiently with minimal latency.
Systems remain scalable as user demand grows.
Security threats are minimized through encryption and authentication.
