JSU- MGT 305 - OB - Chapter 15

Chapter 15 flashcards for OB- Mgt 305

Balanced Scorecard

tool that managers use as a good method for understanding to define organizational success

organization

a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons

unity of command principle

specifies that each employee should only report to one manager

span of control

describes the number of people reporting directly to a given manager

staff employees

_________ do background research and provide technical advice and recommendations to their line managers

line managers

genrally have authority to make decisions for their units

closed system

self sufficient entity

open system

depends on the constant interaction with the environment for survival

learning organization

proactively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge and changes its behavior on the basis of new knowledge and insights

scanning

Information acquisition is also known as _______.

information acquisition

the process through which an organization obtains information between internal and external sources

postmortems

discussions about past success or failures

information distribution

the process or systems that people, groups, or organizational units use to share information among themselves

knowledge integration

occurs when information is shared and accumulated across different parts of an organization

failure

occurs when an activity fails to delivers its expected results or expected outcomes

organizational design

sets the structures of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures

traditional

Organizations with _______ approach tend to have functional, divisional, and/or matrix structures.

horizontal

Organizations with a ________ approach work hard to flatten hierarchy and organize people around specific segments of the work flow.

open

Organizations with a ________ design tend to have hollow, modualr, or virtual structures.

traditional

An organization thats focus is self contained within the organizations boundaries has a(n) _________ approach.

horizontal

An organization thats focus is team and process oriented has a ________ approach.

open

An organization thats focus is opened beyond the organizations boundaries has a _________ approach.

boundaryless organization

management has largely succeeded in breaking down barriers between interval levels, job functions, and departments, as well as reducing external barriers between the association/organization and those with whom it does business.

functional structure

groups people according to the business functions they perform; for example, manufacturing, marketing, and finance

divisional structure

employees are segregated into organizational groups based on industries, products or services, customers or clients, or geographical regions.

matrix

Organizations use ________ structures when they need stronger horizontal alignment or cooperation in order to meet their goals.

matrix structure

combines a vertical structure with an equally strong horizontal overlay

horizontal structure

teams or groups, either temporary or permanent, are created to improve collaboration and work on common projects

horizontal

_______ approach to organizational design tends to focus on work processes.

hollow structure

Which structure is also known as a network structure?

hollow structure

designed around a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to outside companies or individuals who can do them cheaper or faster

hollow

A _______ structure is useful when an organization is faced with a strong price competition and there are enough companies to perform the required outsourced processes.

modular structure

company assembles product parts, components, or modules provided by external contractors.

modular

a company that outsources production of parts for a product follows the ________ structure.

virtual structure

one whose members are geographically apart, usually working with email and other forms of information technology, but that generally appears to customers as a single, unified organization with real physical location

contingency approach to organization design

states that organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit demands of the situation, and when the structure is aligned with internal activities and actions of the organization.

• strategy and goals

• market uncertainty

• decision making processes

• technology

• size

What are the 5 contingency factors one should consider when making decision about organizational structure?

centralized decision making

occurs when key decisions are made by top management

decentralized decision making

occurs when important decisions are made by middle managers and lower level managers

mechanistic organizations

rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defined tasks, top down communication, and centralized decision making.

organic organizations

flexible networks of multitalented individuals who perform a variety of tasks

technology

the information, technology, equipment, and tools, and processes needed to transform inputs into outputs

size

measured by the number of employees, volume of sales, amount of assets, and geographical locations

innovation

the creation of something new that makes money; it finds a pathway to the consumer

product innovation

a change in the appearance of functionality/performance of a product or a srvice or of the creation of a new one.

process innovation

change in the way a product or a service is conceived, manufactured, or destributed

innovation system

a coherent set of interdependent processes and structures that dictates hoe the company searches for novel problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product designs, and selects which products get funded

implementation

links the problems solution to peoples lives.

innovation

generating, developing, and testing ideas

inspiration

the problem or opportunity that motivates the search for solutions

financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth

The business score card (BCS) provides managers with a comprehensive view in to _______, __________, ____________, and ____________.

strategy map

visual representation of a company’s critical objectives and the crucial relationships among them that drive organizational performance

innovation

What is a key driver of long-term organizational performance?

organization

A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons is called a(n)

organization chart

To the casual observer, the term _______ __________ means a family tree-like pattern of boxes and lines posted on workplace walls.

closed

A(n) _________ system organization is said to be a self-sufficient entity.

• information distribution

• information acquisition

• knowledge integration

Organizations learn by using which independent subprocesses?

• the goal of being effective

• a structure that serves as a fingerprint

• the idea that innovation is crucial to remain in business

What are the three characteristics that all organizations share?

organization

The phrase "consciously coordinated" is key to the definition of a(n)

organizational design

The general idea behind _______ ________ is that firms are more successful and effective when their structure supports the execution of corporate strategies.

• Spans of control

• Division of labor

• Line and staff positions

• Hierarchy of authority

Select the four basic dimensions of organizational structure.

open

A(n) _______ system organization depends on constant interaction with the environment for survival.

Traditional

Functional, divisional, matrix

Horizontal

Horizontal

Open

Hollow, module, virtual

learning

A(n) ________ organization is one that proactively creates, acquires and transfers knowledge and that changes its behavior on the basis of new knowledge and insights.

functional

The structure that groups people according to the business functions they perform is called a _________ structure.

innovation

What is a key driver of long-term organizational performance?

contingency

Organizations that are structured to fit the demands of the situation are said to follow the ________ approach to organization design.

organizational design

The structure of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures is called ________ _________

organization chart

To the casual observer, the term _______ ________ means a family tree-like pattern of boxes and lines posted on workplace walls.

contingency factors

Managers who take into account strategy and goals, market uncertainty, decision-making processes, size, and technology are considering ______ about organization design.

Traditional

Self-contained within organization's boundaries

Horizontal

Team- and process-orientation

Open

opened beyond organizational boundaries

alignment

What is needed across internal characteristics for organizations to achieve higher performance?

functional

An organization that groups all of its marketers in one department, its finance people in another, and product designers in another is which type of organizational structure?

• job satisfaction

• enhanced performance

• engagement

When you fit with your organization, what results are likely?

contingency

Organizations that are structured to fit the demands of the situation are said to follow the _________ approach to organization design.

organizational design

The structure of accountability and responsibility used to develop and implement strategies, and the human resource practices and information and business processes that activate those structures is called:

connecting to the customer

Through innovation, an organization makes money by doing what?

• technology

• market uncertainty

• strategy and goals

• size

What are the key contingency factors to consider when making decisions about organization design?

improvement innovation

A focus on existing customers and optimizing existing product/services for them specifically is called:

• strategy and structure

• employees' human and social capital

• human resource practices and policies

What characteristics need to be aligned for an organization to maximize performance?

person-organization

The extent to which your personality and values match the culture and climate in your work organization is called ______ fit.

• appropriate resources

• necessary human capital

• right culture and climate

• required structure and process

Select resources needed to support innovation.

contingency

Organizations that are structured to fit the demands of the situation are said to follow the ________ approach to organization design.

innovation

The creation of something new that makes money is called an

open-office design

What type of office design do companies use to improve cooperative behavior and camaraderie as well as achieve cost reductions?

improvement innovation

A focus on existing customers and optimizing existing product/services for them specifically is called _______ __________

alignment

What is needed across internal characteristics for organizations to achieve higher performance?

a dashboard

What is the technology called that tracks current sales data, issues with quality, employee turnover, as well as other forms of aggregated real-time corporate data?

innovation

What type of system acts as a coherent set of interdependent processes and structures that dictates how the company searches for novel problems and solutions?

• customer

• financial

• learning and growth

A balanced scorecard examines an organization from which perspectives?

contingency

Organizations that are structured to fit the demands of the situation are said to follow the
_______ approach to organization design.

False

True or false: A visual representation of a company's critical objectives and the crucial relationships among them is known as a organizational measurement map.

• limited ability to focus due to distractions

• stress due to overstimulation

• lack of privacy

An open-office plan results in which of the following?

Improvement

__________ innovations are more incremental and are less likely to generate significant amounts of new revenue.

Which of the following, managed by a dashboard, is crucial for evidence-based management?