SMU RELG 1304 Judism

nonsectarian

Doesn't promote a specific religion

BC

Before Christ

AD

Anno Domini (in the year of the Lord)

BCE

Before Common Era

CE

Common Era

Synagogue

The building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction.

Halakhah

Jewish legal decisions and the parts of the Talmud dealing with laws

Rabbi

A highly respected teacher of Jewish law or theology

Haredim

a rigorously observant subgroup of Orthodox Judaism

Tanakh

Hebrew Bible

Torah

First five books of the Hebrew Bible

Nevi'im

"Prophets,"; the second section of the Hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books

Ketuvim

"Writings"; the third section of the Hebrew scriptures, consisting primarily of poetry, proverbs, and literary works

Documentary Hypothesis

The theory that the Torah came to exist through the combination of several originally separate "documents." The most common "documents" are labeled: J, E, P & D.

Decalogue

10 commandments

Who guided the Israelites to Canaan?

Joshua

Canaan

An ancient name for the land of Israel

YHWH

God's sacred name, revealed to Moses; it means "I am who I am" or "I AM" and is never pronounced by Jews.

Messiah

Anointed with oil

Disspora

Spreading out of Jews

Genisis 17

God's covenant with Abraham

How many followers of Judaism?

14.8 million

How many followers of Christianity?

2.3 billion

How many followers of Islam?

2 billion

Isreal 1948

Provided a home for the Jewish people

What language was the Tanak written in?

Primarily Hebrew, with some parts in Aramaic.

Rabbinic Writings

midrash

midrash + gemana

Talmud

Alexander the Great

Between 334 and 323 B.C.E., brings Greek culture and language

Hellenization

Spread of Greek culture

Maccabean Revolt

Rebellion against Hellenistic Greek rulers in 167 BCE

Sabbath

a holy day for rest and worship

Antiochus Epiphanes

The Syrian monarch who attempted to force the Jews of Palestine to adopt Greek culture, leading to the Maccabean revolt in 167 B.C.E.

Essenes

A group of pious, ultra conservative Jews who left the Temple of Jerusalem and began a community by the Dead Sea known as Qumran.

What year do the Romans enter?

63 BCE

12 tribes of Israel

The descendants of the 12 sons of Jacob

Exodus

A mass departure from Egypt

Moses

the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus

Mount Sinai

Place where God revealed the Ten Commandments to Moses

David

Second king of Israel

Solonon

Builds the first Temple

First Temple of Jerusalem

Conceived by King David

Constructed by King Solomon

Only place to sacrifice

North Isreal

722 BCE

South Judah

586 BC

Who takes the North side of Isreal?

Assyrians

Who takes over the whole monarchy area?

Babylonians

What causes the division of the monarchy?

Solomon's death

What year does the first temple fall?

586 BCE

Babylonian Exile

In 587 BC, the Babylonians pillaged Judah, destroyed the Temple and the city of Jerusalem, and banished the people in chains to serve as slaves in Babylon. The Exile lasted until 539 BC.

Persian Rule

538-323 BCE

Second Temple

515 BCE - 70 CE

Selevcids

corrupt the second temple and fall to the romans

Who destroyed the Second Temple?

Romans

First Jewish Revolt

66-70 CE

How many yeas after the Roman's appear ios the first jewish revolt?

140 years

apocalypticism

A worldview held by many ancient Jews and Christians that maintained that the present age is controlled by forces of evil, but that these will be destroyed at the end of time when God intervenes in history to bring in his kingdom, an event thought to be imminent.

Pharisees

A Jewish sect at the time of Jesus known for its strict adherence to the Law.

Sadducees

A Jewish sect at the time of Jesus known for its strong commitment to the Temple in Jerusalem.

Core

Torah, Prayer, Mitzvah

Mitzvah/Mitzvot

commandments

Yohanan ben Zakkai

The Rabbi who faked his death to escape Jerusalem and was promised by Vespasian to be allowed to set up an academy at Yavneh

Hosea 6:6

used by Yohanan ben Zakkai

Rabbinic Judaism

main form of Judaism, which emerged during the first century AD under the leadership of the rabbis; clarified Jewish practice, elevated the oral law to equal authority with the written Torah and enabled Judaism to evolve flexibly

Mishnah

Written down in about AD 200; contains collected teachings of the rabbis of the preceding four centuries; along with the Talmud, is the most important text of the oral Torah.

Gemara

Commentary on the Mishnah

Talmud

collection of Jewish law and tradition

What are the 2 editions of the Talmud?

Babylonian (500 CE) and Jerusalem (400 CE)

Midrash/Midrashim

another kind of rabbinic text

Karaites

Jewish sect that rejected oral Torah (Talmud), relying on scripture alone

Beth Din

Jewish Rabbinical Court

Responsum/Responsa

halakhic decisions by a rabbi or group of rabbis in response to a question about practice; can establish precedence.

Aliyah

ascent back to isreal

Constantine

312 CE, credit the Christian God for success

Christianity was legalized in Rome

313 CE

Christianity becomes the official religion of the Roman Empire

380 CE

Western capital of the Roman Empire

Rome

Eastern capital of the Roman Empire

Constantinople

When did the Roman Empire fall?

476 CE

Rise of Islam

610 CE

Where did Islam expand into

Byzantine Empire

Jews are always the ___

Minority Population

Muhammad dies

632 CE

Jews were treated better under which religion's rule?

Muslim

People of the Book

What Muslims call Christians and Jews, which means that they too only believe in one god

Who do the Christians blame for Jesus' death?

Jews

Who is actually to blame for Jesus' death?

Romans

Diaspora

The dispersion of the Jews outside Israel

Ashkenazi

Eastern European Jews

Sephardim (Sephardic)

Jews in Spain and Portugal

Mizrahi

Middle Eastern Jews

Kabbalah

the ancient Jewish tradition of mystical interpretation of the Bible

Hekhalot

"Palaces of Heaven", highly influential on Kabbalistic study

Isaac Luria (1534-1572)

Father of Kabbalah

Tikkun Olam

repairing the world

Haskalah

Jewish Enlightenment

Modern Branches of Judaism

Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist

Bloodline

Goes through the mother

Reform Judaism

Modern Judaism with fewer rules and influence of reason

Orthodox

traditional

Hasidic Judaism

Orthodox branch of Jewish religion; devout adherence to and observation of the faith, with emphasis on mystical dimension.

Anti-semitism

Hostility towards Jews as a racial group