AP Human Geography Unit 2 (Topics 2.10-2.12)

Migration

A permanent move to a new location

Mobility

All types of movement between locations

Migration

A permanent move to a new location

Mobility

All types of movement between locations

Push Factor

A factor that induces people to move out of their present location

Pull Factor

A factor that induces people to move to a new location

Immigration

Migration to a new location

Emigration

Migration from a location

Forced Migration

Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

IDP (Internally Displaced Person)

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border.

Asylum Seekers

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

Transnational Migration

The process of movement and settlement across international borders which individuals maintain/build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while settling in.

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a particular country.

Step Migration

A migration pattern observed by Ernst Georg which people migrate in step by step stages as rural inhabitants move closer and closer to areas of growth. Ex: From farm to nearby village to a town to a city.

Chain Migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Inter-regional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of the country to another. Ex: Moving from Texas to New York. Most inter-regional migration is done from Rural to Urban cities.

Intra-regional Migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Guest Worker

A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa in search of a higher paying job.

Remittance

Transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated.

intervening Obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

Intervening Opportunity

A feature (usually economic) that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than their original one.

Quota

In reference to migration, a law that places a maximum limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Xenophobia

The fear or dislike of foreigners significantly different to oneself.

Ravenstien's Migration Laws Definition

Set of 11 "laws" that can be organized into 3 groups: the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically travel, and their characteristics

Ravenstien's Migration Laws List

Law 1) The majority of migrants only go a short distance. 2) Migration proceeds step by step. 3) Migrants going long distances generally go by preference to one of the great centers of commerce or industry. 4) Each current of migration stream produces a compensating counter stream. 5) Natives of towns are less migratory than those of rural areas. 6) Females are more migratory than males within the areas of birth, but males more frequently venture beyond. 7) most migrants are young adults; families rarely migrate out of their country of birth. 8) Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase. 9) Migration increases in volume as industries and commerce develop and transport improves. 10) the major direction of migration is from the agricultural areas to the centers of industry and commerce. 11) The major causes of migration are economics.

Brain Drain

Large-scale emigration by talented people.

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

Counter-Urbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Acculturation

The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct culture features.

Transhumance

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Gravity Model

A model which holds the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

Distance Decay

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition

A model that claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is.

Ethnic Enclave

A place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area.