CA1 - DEVPSYCH 2 (THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE)

Session 2 - Theoretical Perspective

John Locke

• Tabula Rasa

• All children are born equal

• Environmental factors/Empiricism

Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Father of Developmental Psychology

• Own inner biological timetable

• Nativism: Innate drive behind development, self-learning

• Children are intrinsically good

(5) Major Perspectives

• Psychoanalytic

• Learning

• Cognitive

• Contextual

• Evolutionary/Sociobiological

Psychoanalytic

MAJOR PERSPECTIVES

Unconscious emotions and drives

Learning

MAJOR PERSPECTIVES

Studies observable behavior

Cognitive

MAJOR PERSPECTIVES

Analyzes thought address

Contextual

MAJOR PERSPECTIVES

Impact, social, and cultural context

Evolutionary/Sociobiological

MAJOR PERSPECTIVES

Considered as underpinnings of behavior

Sigmund Freud

Father of Psychoanalysis

Jean Martin Charcot

Hysteria (Paralysis of the body)

Josef Breuer

Catharsis

Josef Breuer’s Catharsis

__________ is the reason why Freud developed Free Association Technique

Seduction Theory

Child’s seduction by a parent; Reason why SA happens in the family

(2) Twin cornerstones of Psychoanalysis

• Sex

• Aggression

Unconscious

Contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness

Psychogenetic endowment

*Set of mental traits, tendencies, and capacities that an individual inherits genetically

Id

Pleasure principle

Ego

Reality principle

Superego

Moralistic and idealistic principle (5 y/o)

Conscience

What we should not do

Ego-ideal

What we should do

(5) Stages of Psychosexual Development

• Oral

• Anal

• Phallic

• Latency

• Genital

Oral

STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Birth to 1 year

Anal

STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

1 to 3 years old

Anal retentive

Stubborn

Anal expulsive

Messy, burara/makalat

*Phallic

STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

3 to 6 years old

Latency

STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

6 years old to puberty

Genital

STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Puberty onwards

Repression

Most basic and mother of the defense mechanisms

Reaction formation

Disguised opposite of original form

Displacement

Unacceptable urges to people or objects; redirection

Fixation

Remaining into the present, more comfortable state (permanently)

Regression

Reverting back to earlier stage into a more secure behavior (temporary)

Projection

Unwanted feelings to an external object

Introjection

Incorporating positive qualities of another person to one’s ego

Sublimation

Substituting to a cultural or social aim

(8) Stages of Psychosocial Development

• Infancy

• Early Childhood

• Play age

• School age

• Adolescence

• Young adulthod

• Adulthood

• Old age

Infancy

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Trust vs Mistrust

0 to 1 year old

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Trust vs Mistrust (Age)

Trust vs Mistrust

Strength: Hope

Core pathology: Withdrawal

Early childhood

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

1 to 3 years old

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (Age)

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Strength: Will

Core pathology: Compulsion

Play age

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Initiative vs Guilt

3 to 6 years old

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Initiative vs Guilt (Age)

Initiative vs Guilt

Strength: Purpose

Core pathology: Inhibition

School age

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Industry vs Inferiority

7 to 11 years old

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Industry vs Inferiority (Age)

Industry vs Inferiority

Strength: Competence

Core pathology: Inertia

*Adolescence

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Identity vs Identity confusion

12 to 18 years old

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Identity vs Identity confusion (Age)

Identity vs Identity confusion

Strength: Fidelity

Core pathology: Role repudiation

Young adulthood

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Intimacy vs Isolation

19 to 29 years old

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Intimacy vs Isolation (Age)

Intimacy vs Isolation

Strength: Love

Core pathology: Exclusivity

Adulthood

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Generativity vs Stagnation

30 to 64 years old

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Generativity vs Stagnation (Age)

Generativity vs Stagnation

Strength: Care

Core pathology: Rejectivity

Old age

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Integrity vs Despair

65 onwards

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Integrity vs Despair (Age)

Integrity vs Despair

Strength: Wisdom

Core pathology: Disdain

Jean Piaget

Developed schemas (system)

Assimilation

New information to new schema

Accommodation

Expanding the framework of knowledge to accommodate the new situation

(4) Stages of Cognitive Development

• Sensorimotor stage

• Preoperational stage

• Concrete operational

• Formal operational

Sensorimotor stage

STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

• Birth to 2 years old

• Coordinates sensory experience

• Stage attainment: Object permanence

Preoperational stage

STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

• 2 to 7 years old

• Egocentric

• Animism

• Stage attainment: Theory of Mind

Theory of Mind

*The psychological ability to understand that other people have thoughts, beliefs, desires, intentions, and emotions that are different from one's own

Concrete operational

STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

• 7 to 11 years old

• Bond to concrete, physical reality of the world

• Stage attainment: Principle of Conservation

Principle of Conservation

*Refers to a child’s ability to understand that certain properties of objects—like quantity, volume, mass, or number—remain the same even when their appearance changes, as long as nothing is added or taken away

Formal operational

STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

• 11 years old onwards

• Highest stage

• Thinking becomes abstract, formal, and logical

Lev Vygotsky

• Community plays a role in child’s development

• Learning is a social process

(2) Concepts of Cognitive Development

• Zone of proximal development

• Scaffolding

Zone of proximal development

What child can achieve on his own vs with help

Scaffolding

Temporary support that you can give a child

Self talk

Talking to oneself out loud

Private speech

Communicate with people then practice inner speech

Inner speech

Internalized egocentric speech