5.1 Protein Synthesis

Which process produces copies of DNA? (DNA → DNA)

Replication

Which process produces RNA? (DNA → RNA)

Transcription

Which process produces proteins? (RNA → Protein)

Translation

What is the role of p53 during DNA replication? Read carefully to find the differences between the option choices.

p53 is a cell cycle inhibitory protein that pauses progression of the cell cycle to correct DNA mutations.

What are the differences between DNA and RNA? Read carefully to find the differences between the option choices.

DNA = double-stranded, built of deoxyribose sugar, contains nitrogen base thymine. RNA = single-stranded, built of ribose sugar, contains nitrogen base uracil.

What are the two steps of protein synthesis in chronological sequence?

Transcription → Translation

What molecule is produced at the end of Transcription?

RNA

What molecule is produced at the end of Translation?

Protein

What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA?

Nucleotides

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids

What is molecule A?

DNA

What is molecule B?

RNA

What is process C?

Transcription

What is molecule A?

RNA

What is the polymer molecule B?

Protein

What are the monomer molecules C?

Amino acid

What is process D?

Translation

What term refers to the specific section of DNA that codes for one specific protein?

Gene

What is the base-pair rule for RNA molecules?

A - U and C-G

Within a Eukaryotic cell, where does Transcription occur?

Nucleus

Within a Eukaryotic cell, where does Translation occur?

Cytoplasm

What is the name of the enzyme that builds an RNA molecule using a DNA strand as a template?

RNA Polymerase

What does a codon consist of, and what does it code for?

3 RNA bases, 1 amino acid

If a DNA strand reads TAC CAT what would the complementary RNA strand be?

AUG GUA

What specific molecular structure is the site of Translation?

Ribosome