Ap human Unit 2 Vocab 2

asylum

the protection from oppression or hardship offered by another country. The protection granted by one country to an immigrant from another country that has a legitimate fear of harm or death of they return.

brain drain

the process of people leaving a country can lead to shortage of labor in the source country which can be problematic if the emigrants are skilled workers. When migration out of a country is made up of highly skilled people. (people who are educated leaving asian countries to come to America)

chain migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there or reside there

circulation

short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movement that recur on a regular basis

counter migration

the return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated, or as people migrate into a country, others will migrate out of the country. Such as when people migrate to U.S from Mexico, a group migrates to Mexico, either returning or Americans who are migrating.

counter urbanization

the process by which a significant portion of the population of an urban center starts to migrate away from the city to live in suburbs or rural areas. urban residents leaving cities

distance decay

as the distance between two places increases, the interaction between those two places decrease

emigration

movement of individuals out of an area

forced migration

migration that is involuntary, meaning they have no choice but to move

guest workers

a foreign worker who has been temporarily allowed to work in a host country. Transnational migrants that relocate to a new country to provide labor that isn’t available locally

immigration

migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)

internal migration

movement within the same country

international migration

move from one country to another

interregional migration

movement from one region of a country to another

intraregional migration

movement within one region

intervening obstacles

features that halt or slow migration from one place to another. Barriers that make reaching a desired destination more difficult can be political, environmental(physical) and economical

intervening opportunities

the idea that one place has a demand for some good or service and two places have a supply of equal price and quality, then the closer of the two suppliers to the buyer will represent an intervening opportunity, thereby blocking the third from being able to share its supply of goods or services. Intervening opportunities are frequently utilized because transportation costs usually decrease with proximity. ORRRRR TAKE THIS DEFINITION THAT APPLIES TO ACTUAL MIGRANTS —— Oppotunities that migrants are presented en route to their destination that disrupt their migration plan. this could be something like a job opportunity.

migration

movement of people from one place to another (permanent or semi-permanent relocation)

migration transition

changes in a society comparable to those in the demographic transition in relation to migration. (((( Is a model that shows that countries in stage 2 and 3 of the DTM experience overcrowding, and that causes people to migrate to stage 4 and 5 countries for better economic opportunities.

mobility

the quality or state of being able to move about freely

net migration

the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants

pull factors

factors that induce people to move to a new location.

push factors

a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region

quotas (quota laws)

laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year

refugees

people who flee their homeland to seek safety elsewhere usually displaced by forced migration. (leave the country)

suburbanization

the process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe form communities that are connected to cities for jobs and services

undocumented immigrants

immigrants who come into a country without the government's permission

urbanization

the growth of cities, more people living in cities

voluntary migration

movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity; not forced.

xenophobia

dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.

ravenstein's laws of migration

established in the 1980s based on studies carried out in the U.K.(Patterns about migration tendencies and demographics that form the basis for migration theory.

exurbanites

people who have left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs or rural areas.

remittance

transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated (sent back to family and friends)

center of population

a geographical point that describes a centerpoint of the region's population. (the point where the country would balance if it could be laid flat and all the people weighed the same)

internally displaced persons

people forced to leave their homes due to violence,conflict, disaster but who settle in another part of their own country

cyclic movement

movement that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally (Regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place)

geographic center

the center of land area of a country.

step migration

migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages or small movements. (small town-large town to a small city to a big city)

transhumance

a seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures

wilbur zelinsky

geographer associated with migration transition--change in the migration pattern in a society that results from the social and economic changes that produce the demographic transition. Stage 2--international. Stage 3&4--internal(created the Zelinsky Model of Demographic Transition. )

zelinksy's migration transition

also known as the migration Transition Model, claims that the type of migration that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is or what type of society it is. A connection is drawn from migration to the stages within the DTM. Developed by Wilbur Zelinsky professor of geography at PSU

cotton belt

the term by which the American South used to be known, as cotton historically dominated the agricultural economy of the region. the same area is now known as the New South or Sun Belt because people have migrated here from older cities in the industrial north for a better climate and new job opportunities.

rust belt

northeastern and midwestern states of US in which heavy industry has declined

sun belt

southern and western states that offered a warm climate year-round and low tax rates

Stage 1 of the MTM

pre modern traditional society: very high levels of mobility (nomadism) but very little migration.

Stage 2 of the MTM

Early transitional society During this stage a "massive movement from countryside to cities" occurs. And Internationally there is a high rate of emigration, although the total population number is still rising.

Stage 3 of the MTM

Late transitional society"):

corresponds to the "critical rung of the mobility transition" where urban-to-urban migration surpasses the rural-to-urban migration, where rural-to-urban migration "continues but at waning absolute or relative rates",

Stage 4 of the MTM

"Advanced society"): During this stage the "movement from countryside to city continues but is further reduced in absolute and relative terms, vigorous movement of migrants from city to city and within individual urban agglomerations...especially within a highly elaborated lattice of major and minor metropolises" is observed. A large increase of urban to suburban migration can also occur.