Chapter 6 science test

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46 Terms

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climate
the type of weather patterns that a place has, on average over a long period of time (50-100 years)
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weather
a term that describes the condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, wind, and atmospheric pressure
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biomes
a major climate region with particular plants and animal communities. Earth has 6 important biomes
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humidity
a measure of how much water vapor is in the air
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latitude
a line that goes side to side, used to record exact locations
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longitude
a line that goes up and down, used to record exact locations
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altitude
the vertical distance (height) or (elevation) above a baseline such as sea level
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biodiversity
the variety of life in a defined area
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adaptations
an inherited trait that helps organisms survive
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desert
a climate region that averages less than 35cm of rainfall per year
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rain shadow effect
moist air rises and travels up a mountain then cools, so there is very little moisture left
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grassland
climate regions with too little rainfall to support a forest
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temperate forest
climate regions with large trees in the mid latitudes that have four seasons
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deciduous
trees loosing leaves at the end of growing season
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tropical rainforest
climate regions found near the equator that have a lot of rainfall and high biodiversity
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tiaga
the largest climate region found in the higher latitudes also known as the boreal or coniferous forest
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coniferous
a tree that makes pine cones
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tundra (arctic and alpine)
a climate region located in the high latitudes known as the coldest land biome
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permafrost
a frozen layer of ground which has a layer of soil above it
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carbon sink
anything that stores more carbon dioxide that gets released into the atmosphere
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latitude, precipitation, elevation, topogrophy, distance from a large body of water
what are the factors that affect climate
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the sun
what is the major source of energy for weather
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deserts, grasslands, tiagas, tundras, temperature decidous forests, tropical rainforests
what are the 6 main land biomes
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near the equator because this is where the sun is closest to being above our heads year round
Where is the earth hottest and why
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if a region is near water, it wont have hot or cold water because water cools and heats fast (high specific heat)
How does water (humidity, precipitation, proximity to large bodies of water) affect biomes and climate
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30, 30, 35
Most deserts are found between ____Ā°N and _____Ā°S and receive less than ______cm of
rainfall per year.
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rainshadow- caused by the rain shadow effect

Fog- moisture filled air comes from the ocean, small amounts of rain, very windy
name and explain the two types of deserts
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on every continent except for antarctica
where are grasslands found
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Savannahs (tropical)- 2 seasons wet and dry, 50-127cm of rainfall per year

Temperate- 4 seasons 50-89cm of rainfall per year
Differentiate between the two types of grasslands
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Steppe, outback, veld, prarie
What other names are used to describe grasslands around the world?
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middle latitude regions
Where are temperate deciduous forests found?
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75-150
The annual average rainfall in a temperate deciduous forest is ____ to _____ cm.
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no, its the only forest with 4 seasons. The savannahs have wet and dry season
Is the temperate deciduous forest the only biome to have seasons? Explain.
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23\.5,23.5, equator
Tropical rainforests found between _____ Ā°N and _____Ā°S (near the _____________).
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bannanas, cocoa, coffee, vanilla, cinnimon, coconut
What are some foods that are only found in the rainforest
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because land gets cleared, land topsoil washes away causing unusable farming land
Why is destruction of the tropical rainforests a problem for the whole world
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boreal, coniferous
The taiga may also be called a ________________ or ______________ forest.
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50, 70
The taiga is found between _____Ā° and _____Ā°N.
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40-100cm
How much precipitation does the taiga get?
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Vegetation
Taiga is the Russian word for
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evergreen trees with needle like leaves
What kinds of trees grow in the taiga
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the air spaces in between snow crystals prevents the ground underneath from loosing more and more heat
how can snow keep things warm
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Tundra
What is the coldest biome on Earth
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treeless land
Tundra is from a Finnish word, meaning
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Alpine- high altitude, in the mid latitudes

Arctic- near the arctic cirlce 66.5 N
What is the difference between an alpine tundra and the Arctic tundra
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permafrost is frozen ground which has a small layer of soil over it and its called a carbon sink because it stores more carbon dioxide than is released in the atmosphere
What is permafrost, and why is it called a ā€œcarbon sink?ā€