Studied by 0 people
In terms of political methods, the civil rights movement changed from nonviolence to ____
militant self defence
Did MLK change his views on nonviolence?
no
What political party believed in militant self-defence?
Black Panther Party (BPP)
What did Malcolm X famously call nonviolence?
the philosophy of the fool
Where did Malcolm X go on a pilgrimage to?
Mecca
What organisation did Malcolm X join then leave after his pilgrimage?
Nation of Islam
Name three campaigns where non-violence was an unsuccessful method
Birmingham, Freedom Summer, and Selma
Name two of MLK’s failures that created a generational divide between traditional leaders and younger SNCC activists
Albany, and Turnaround Tuesday
Which trigger event marked this divide?
March Against Fear, 1966
What did MLK call for in this march?
Freedom Now
What did Carmichael call for in this march?
Black Power
Name two cities where riots erupted
Detroit, Chicago
Name three protest songs that were written as a result of this
Trouble Every Day by Frank Zappa, What’s Goin’ On by Marvin Gaye, and If there’s a hell below, we’re all gonna go by Curtis Mayfield
What laws did members of the BPP exploit in California?
open carry laws
Who was gagged during his trial?
Bobby Seale
Which co-founder of the BPP was thrown in jail?
Huey Newton
What did J. Edgar Hoover say they had to look out for?
a black messiah
Who did the FBI gun down because of this suspicion?
Hampton and Hutton
The objectives of the campaign shifted from integration to
black nationalism
What did MLK call his generation of activists?
generation of integration
What organisation did Malcolm X create?
Organisation for Afro-American Unity
What famous phrase did Malcolm X coin?
by any means necessary
What did Carmichael say with respect to integration? “He rejected the ____
thalidomide drug of integration
What did MLK say about integration when reconsidering it?
We are integrating into a burning house
Name the book (+ author) that talks about fragmented individualism
Black Like Me by Griffin
Who did a cover on Esquire magazine? and what were they dressed as?
Ali as St. Sebastian
Who was on a magazine cover titled ‘Black is Beautiful’?
Kathleen Cleaver
Names of the two black athletes that did the Black Power Fist in the 1968 Summer Olympics
Smith and Carlos
Name of the white athlete on the podium
Norman
What was the genre of new black movies called?
Blaxploitation films
Name two songs that promoted Black Power
Say it Loud: I’m Black and I’m Proud! by James Brown and To be young, gifted and black by Nina Simone
The socio-economic objectives of the movement changed from ___ to ____
rural south to urban north
In which campaign did MLK change his position on the objectives of the campaign?
Chicago Poor People’s Campaign
Name of LBJ’s social programs that failed
Great Society Programmes
Name two ways in which MLK justified non-violence as a means of advancing the civil rights movement
morally and practically
What did LBJ set up to investigate the causes of race riots? When?
Kerner Commission (1967)
What conclusion did they reach? “two societes, one black, one white - ______”
separate but unequal
Name a community-based program led by the BPP
Free Breakfast campaign
What document described the BPP’s values/objectives?
10-Point Programme
Religion in the movement shifted from ___ to ___
Christianity to Islam
Which church was bombed? (only place where black communities could gather in large numbers)
16th St Baptist Church
Who regarded Christianity as a tool of white oppression?
BPP
Which two figures called the white man the devil?
Elijah Mohammed and Muhammad Ali
Note 
Flashcard (21)