Civil Rights HL

In terms of political methods, the civil rights movement changed from nonviolence to ____

militant self defence

Did MLK change his views on nonviolence?

no

What political party believed in militant self-defence?

Black Panther Party (BPP)

What did Malcolm X famously call nonviolence?

the philosophy of the fool

Where did Malcolm X go on a pilgrimage to?

Mecca

What organisation did Malcolm X join then leave after his pilgrimage?

Nation of Islam

Name three campaigns where non-violence was an unsuccessful method

Birmingham, Freedom Summer, and Selma

Name two of MLK’s failures that created a generational divide between traditional leaders and younger SNCC activists

Albany, and Turnaround Tuesday

Which trigger event marked this divide?

March Against Fear, 1966

What did MLK call for in this march?

Freedom Now

What did Carmichael call for in this march?

Black Power

Name two cities where riots erupted

Detroit, Chicago

Name three protest songs that were written as a result of this

Trouble Every Day by Frank Zappa, What’s Goin’ On by Marvin Gaye, and If there’s a hell below, we’re all gonna go by Curtis Mayfield

What laws did members of the BPP exploit in California?

open carry laws

Who was gagged during his trial?

Bobby Seale

Which co-founder of the BPP was thrown in jail?

Huey Newton

What did J. Edgar Hoover say they had to look out for?

a black messiah

Who did the FBI gun down because of this suspicion?

Hampton and Hutton

The objectives of the campaign shifted from integration to

black nationalism

What did MLK call his generation of activists?

generation of integration

What organisation did Malcolm X create?

Organisation for Afro-American Unity

What famous phrase did Malcolm X coin?

by any means necessary

What did Carmichael say with respect to integration? “He rejected the ____

thalidomide drug of integration

What did MLK say about integration when reconsidering it?

We are integrating into a burning house

Name the book (+ author) that talks about fragmented individualism

Black Like Me by Griffin

Who did a cover on Esquire magazine? and what were they dressed as?

Ali as St. Sebastian

Who was on a magazine cover titled ‘Black is Beautiful’?

Kathleen Cleaver

Names of the two black athletes that did the Black Power Fist in the 1968 Summer Olympics

Smith and Carlos

Name of the white athlete on the podium

Norman

What was the genre of new black movies called?

Blaxploitation films

Name two songs that promoted Black Power

Say it Loud: I’m Black and I’m Proud! by James Brown and To be young, gifted and black by Nina Simone

The socio-economic objectives of the movement changed from ___ to ____

rural south to urban north

In which campaign did MLK change his position on the objectives of the campaign?

Chicago Poor People’s Campaign

Name of LBJ’s social programs that failed

Great Society Programmes

Name two ways in which MLK justified non-violence as a means of advancing the civil rights movement

morally and practically

What did LBJ set up to investigate the causes of race riots? When?

Kerner Commission (1967)

What conclusion did they reach? “two societes, one black, one white - ______”

separate but unequal

Name a community-based program led by the BPP

Free Breakfast campaign

What document described the BPP’s values/objectives?

10-Point Programme

Religion in the movement shifted from ___ to ___

Christianity to Islam

Which church was bombed? (only place where black communities could gather in large numbers)

16th St Baptist Church

Who regarded Christianity as a tool of white oppression?

BPP

Which two figures called the white man the devil?

Elijah Mohammed and Muhammad Ali