Islam in the Middle East

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the lecture on Islam in the Middle East, focusing on important figures, structures, and beliefs.

Qur'an

The literal word of Allah revealed to Muhammad over a period of twenty-two years.

Shahādatan

The two statements summing up Muslim belief: 'There is no god but God; Muhammad is the messenger of God.'

Dome of the Rock

A prominent Islamic shrine in Jerusalem, built by Caliph Abd al-Malik in 691, symbolizing political and religious ambition.

Mihrab

A niche on the qibla wall of a mosque that indicates the direction of prayer.

Hypostyle Hall

A mosque design characterized by a large area supported by columns, allowing for a vast interior space.

Umayyad Dynasty

The first dynasty of Islamic caliphs, ruling from 661 to 750, known for their architectural advancements.

Abbasid Dynasty

The dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750, centered in Baghdad and known for cultural and architectural patronage.

Caliph

The title for the Islamic ruler, considered a successor to the Prophet Muhammad.

Night Journey

The miraculous journey Muhammad took through the heavens, establishing the practice of praying five times daily.

Great Mosque of Damascus

A significant mosque built between 706-15, representing the traditions of Islamic architecture.