Geography <- coasts and rivers

What’s an ecosystem?

Non living and living things (organisms) that co exist in a biome.

Constructive vs destructive waves

1) constructs the beach

-deposits

2) destructs the beach

-erodes

What is swash and backwash?

• When a wave breaks water rushes up the beach

• The water then runs back down the beach and back into the sea, by gravity.

What is weathering?

Is when rocks are broken down by sub aerial processes caused by the weathering

What are the 3 types of weathering?

1) mechanical

2) chemical

3) biological

What is mechanical weathering?

When water gets in cracks then freezes so it expands and breaks the rock

What is chemical weathering?

Carbonic acid attacks the rocks.

What’s biological weathering?

Plants grow roots through the sediment

What is mass movement?

Is when rocks loosened by weathering move down a slope under the influence of gravity

What are the 3 types of mass movement?

• Rock fall

• Landslides

• Rotational slumping

What is this type of mass movement?

Rockfall

What type of mass movement is this?

Landslide

What type of mass movement is this?

Rotational slumping (Barton on sea)

What are the 4 coastal processes of erosion?

• Hydraulic action

• Abrasion

• Attrition

• Solution

What are the 4 coastal processes of transport?

• Traction

• Saltation

• Suspension

• Solution

What is coastal deposition?

When the sea drops material. Eg. Sand, sediment, shingle.

What are erosional landforms?

Headlands, Bays

What’s a fetch?

The distance wind travels over the surface of the water.

How are spits formed?

Sand deposits sand which makes a spit over time.

Stakeholders

Is someone who has an interest in what happened to something.

Hard engineering + examples

Strong defence against the sea;

• Groynes

• Sea wall

• Gabions

• Rock armour

Soft engineering + examples

Less strong defense but still protects

• Beach nourishment

• Dune regeneration

• Do nothing

• Beach retrofitting

How has hengistbury head been protected?

• Long Groyne

Management

Managed realignment

Nothing

Advance the line

Whats a long profile?

A long profile of a river is how long it is from source to mouth.