21 Echinococcosis, New World Screwworm, Tick paralysis

Echinococcosis granulosis (cystic) and Echinococcosis multilocularis (alveolar)

What is the causative agent of Echinococcosis?

Dogs

What animal is the definitive host for Echinococcosis?

Humans

What animal is the accidental intermediate host for Echinococcosis?

Herbivores and omnivores (sheep, swine, cattle, deer, rodents)

Name some intermediate hosts for Echinococcosis?

Echinococcosis

In this infection, cysts are in the liver or lungs most commonly, causing condemnation at slaughter, weight loss, decreased milk production, decreased fertility

Little to none

What is mortality of Echinococcosis like in definitive host (dogs)?

Alveolar

Which version of Echinococcosis, Cystic or alveolar, has a 90-100% mortality rate in untreated cases?

Low

What is the morbidity and mortality like for Cystic Echinococcosis?

Enzyme Immunoassay

What is the most common test to determine Echinococcosis infection?

Ingest eggs excreted by definitive host

How are humans infected with Echinococcosis?

Echinococcosis

What infection can be treated with albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel or surgery in humans, preventable from animals with monthly dewormers and not feeding encysted organs to animals

Cochliomyia hominivorax

What is the causative agent of New World Screwworm?

Yes

Is New World Screwworm zoonotic?

Livestock

What animal is the primary concern for New World Screwworm?

New World Screwworm

Animals with this infection present with irritated behavior, head shaking, smell of decay, evidence of fly strike, draining and enlarged wounds, presence of fly larvae (maggots) in wounds, decrease in milk production and appetite

The infection is not typically fatal, but it will condemn cattle, making them unfit for slaughter

Why is New World Screwworm consequential in livestock?

New World Screwworm

Which infection can be diagnosed by removing eggs from the edges of the wound and larvae from deep within the wound, preserved, and then sent to a laboratory?

New World Screwworm

Treat this infection by applying organophosphorus insecticide into infested wounds, vigilant fly control, or even introduction of sterile males into the environment

Yes

Is New World Screwworm reportable?

New World Screwworm

What is this?

Tick Toxicosis or Tick Bite Paralysis

What is Tick Paralysis also known as?

Ixodes, Dermacentor, Amblyomma

What are the 3 species of ticks that affect both humans AND animals, causing tick bite paralysis?

Observed 5-9 days after tick attachment, progress 24-72 hours after into clinical signs

When are clinical signs observed for Tick Paralysis?

Tick Paralysis

Clinical signs of this infection include rapid ascending lower motor weakness, starting in hind limbs and moving to front leg paralysis, potentially affecting nerves in the head causing facial weakness, voice changes, swallowing problems, and even respiratory muscle paralysis

12%

What is mortality like in Tick Paralysis?

Neurotoxin secreted in saliva from a FEMALE tick bite

How is Tick Paralysis transmitted?

Female

Is tick paralysis transmitted through bites of male or female ticks?

Clinical signs --> find tick --> remove it --> clinical signs disappear

How can you diagnose Tick Paralysis?

Literally just stop/remove the ticks

How can you prevent Tick Paralysis?