PTE - Module 3

Travel Demand Management

50%

Percent of the world population residing in urban areas.

80%

The expected percent of the world's population to live in cities by 2050.

60-80%

Percent of energy consumed by urban areas.

75%

Percent of carbon emissions by urban areas.

Urbanization

Characterized by urban sprawl and peripheralization, which is not only socially divisive but increases energy demand, carbon emissions, and puts pressure on ecosystems.

Mobilization

A military term that describes rallying and preparing troops for war. To guarantee compliance with the order to mobilize, an element of violent coercion and punishment is supplemented by payment, as well as a common sense of duty, of revenge, of obligation, or of national pride.

Motorization

The process of adopting and using motor vehicles as a core part of economic and daily life - is closely linked with other dimensions of development such as urbanization and industrialization.

Transport

The third largest contributor of the Philippines' greenhouse gas emissions.

1. Road Sector

2. Maritime Sector

3. Railways Sector

4. Aviation Sector

Ranking of modes of transportation by their greenhouse gas emissions.

Black Hole Theory of Road Investment

Also known as Braess's Paradox. For each point of a road network, let there be given the number of cars starting from it, and the destination of the cars.

Transportation Demand Management (TDM)

Also called Mobility Management. Various strategies that change travel behavior to increase transport system efficiency and achieve specific planning objectives. It emphasizes the movement of people and goods, not just motor vehicles.

Congestion Alleviation

Road congestion can be reduced if enough people can be persuaded to travel with/by:

1. Same trip, different time

2. Same trip, different route

3. Car/vehicle sharing

4. Same trip, different mode

Categories of TDM Strategies

A. Improve Transport Options
B. Incentives to Reduce Driving
C. Smart Growth
D. Transit-Oriented Development

Improve Transport Options

1. Alternative Work Schedules
2. Non-motorized Transportation

561 km

Length of bike lanes built across Metropolitan areas of Manila, Cebu, and Davao as of April 27, 2022.

Class 1

Bike lane separated from carriageway.

Class 2

Bike lane protected with bollards, curbs, pavement and markings.

Class 3

Bike lane with prioritization in mixed traffic.

Incentives to Reduce Driving

1. Commuter Financial Incentives

2. Road Pricing

Best Practices of Travel Demand Management

1. Electronic Road Pricing in SIngapore

2. Time Dependent Toll Fees

3. Vehicle Quota System (VQS) of Singapore

4. Promoting Bicycling in New York City

Smart Growth

Also called New Urbanism and Location Efficient Development. A general term for policies that integrate transportation and land use decisions, for example by encouraging more compact, mixed-use development within existing urban areas, and discouraging dispersed, automobile dependent development at the urban fringe.

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Residential and Commercial Centers designed to maximize access by Transit and Nonmotorized transportation, and with other features to Encourage Transit Ridership. Has a rail or bus station at its center, surrounded by relatively high-density development, with progressively lower-density spreading outwards one-quarter to one-half mile, which represents pedestrian scale distances.