Unit 7 History Quiz

Lynching

The public killing of an individual without due-process and were often carried out by lawless groups seeking to protect their “white” community.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Group founded in 1909 by WEB Du Bois to promote racial equality in the United States.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans to northern cities, early 20th century, to escape violent racism in the South.

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Outlawed literacy tests and sent federal voter registrars into several Southern states; Did not end discrimination and oppression overnight

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Prohibited and outlawed racial discrimination in all public facilities.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Organization founded by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to encourage non-violent resistance and was organized by Christian churches.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Student civil rights organization that helped organize sit-ins, freedom rides, and voter registration drives in the south in the 50s & 60s.

March on Washington

In 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive protest in D.C., (MLK gave his "I Have a Dream" speech) to demonstrate support for major civil-rights legislation in Congress and protest racial discrimination.

Black Power Movement

Group formed in the 1960s to encourage black pride and leadership; slogan promoted by Stokely Carmichael and other supporters.

Brown vs. Board of Education

Supreme Court decision that reversed Plessy v. Ferguson and outlawed racial segregation in public schools.

Little Rock Nine

Group of African American students, whose enrollment at Central High School in 1957 was initially prevented by the Governor of Arkansas; eventually escorted by the National Guard.

Freedom Riders

Multi-racial groups of civil rights activists who took bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A year-long political protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama, which led to their desegregation.

Harlem Renaissance

Flowering of African-American artistic creativity in the 1920s, centered in Harlem (NYC).

Twenty-Fourth (24th) Amendment

Eliminated and abolished poll taxes (tax on voting).

Booker T. Washington - Atlanta Compromise

Influential black educator/leader, said African Americans should accept segregation and disenfranchisement for the time being and focus on vocational education and economic self-reliance.

W.E.B. DuBois - Souls of Black Folk 

A scholar and civil rights activist wrote this to highlight the internal conflict of being both Black and American. It called for immediate civil rights, higher education, and political representation for African Americans and directly opposed Booker T. Washington’s views.

De Facto vs De Jure

"by law" (e.g., Jim Crow laws in the South) vs. "by fact" or practice (e.g., housing segregation in the North, not necessarily enforced by law).

Great Migration

A massive movement of over 6 million African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North and West.

• Motivated by:

  • Escaping racism and lynching in the South.

  • Seeking better job opportunities, especially during WWI and WWII.

20th Century “Distractions”

• Refers to societal events or policies that diverted attention from Black civil rights struggles.

• Could include:

  • Wars (WWI, WWII).

  • Economic crises (Great Depression).

  • Cultural shifts or technological advances.

• These often delayed or complicated the push for racial equality.

Red Summer of 1919

• wave of racial violence and race riots across the U.S. after WWI.

• Over 3 dozen cities saw conflict; the worst were in Chicago, Washington D.C., and Elaine, Arkansas.

• Sparked by:

  • Returning Black veterans asserting rights.

  • White backlash to demographic changes from the Great Migration.

• Highlighted the tensions over race, jobs, and status in a postwar society.

Tulsa Race Riots - Black Wall Street

• One of the worst acts of racial violence in U.S. history.

• White mobs destroyed the prosperous Black community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma — known as "Black Wall Street."

• Hundreds of Black residents were killed; thousands were displaced.

• Long suppressed in historical narratives, but now recognized as a major event in racial justice history.