ribs and vertebrae

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42 Terms

1
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What is the main weight-bearing portion of a vertebra?

Body

2
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What passes through the vertebral foramen?

The spinal cord

3
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What are the lateral projections on a vertebra called?

Transverse processes

4
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Which vertebrae have transverse foramina?

Cervical vertebrae only

5
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What structure sticks out posteriorly from a vertebra?

Spinous process

6
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What passes through the intervertebral foramina?

Spinal nerves

7
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8
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How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

9
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What is another name for C1?

Atlas

10
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What is another name for C2?

Axis

11
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What special feature does the atlas (C1) have?

No body or spinous process; supports the skull

12
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What special feature does the axis (C2) have?

Dens (odontoid process) for rotation of the head

13
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What are key features of typical cervical vertebrae (C3–C7)?

Small body

14
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15
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How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

16
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What is a key feature of thoracic vertebrae?

Long downward spinous process and costal facets for ribs

17
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Which vertebrae do ribs attach to?

Thoracic vertebrae only

18
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19
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How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

20
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What is a key feature of lumbar vertebrae?

Large body and short blunt spinous process

21
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22
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How many fused bones make up the sacrum?

5 fused vertebrae

23
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What is the function of the sacral foramina?

Allow passage of nerves and blood vessels

24
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How many bones make up the coccyx?

3–5 fused vertebrae

25
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What is another name for the coccyx?

Tailbone

26
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27
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What are the three parts of the sternum?

Manubrium

28
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Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles?

Manubrium

29
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Which part of the sternum is cartilaginous in youth and ossifies with age?

Xiphoid process

30
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31
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How many pairs of ribs are there?

12 pairs

32
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How many pairs of true ribs are there?

7 pairs

33
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How many pairs of false ribs are there?

5 pairs

34
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What makes a rib a “true” rib?

It attaches directly to the sternum via its own costal cartilage

35
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What makes a rib a “false” rib?

It attaches indirectly or not at all to the sternum

36
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Which ribs are floating ribs?

Ribs 11 and 12

37
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What do floating ribs attach to?

Only the vertebrae (not the sternum)

38
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39
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Which vertebral region has the smallest bodies?

Cervical

40
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Which vertebral region has heart-shaped bodies?

Thoracic

41
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Which vertebral region has the largest bodies?

Lumbar

42
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What is the function of intervertebral discs?

Cushioning and flexibility between vertebrae