Chapter 21: Chemical Reactions

Copper

________ is another metal that corrodes when it is exposed to air, forming a blue- green coating called a patina.

Atoms

________ are rearranged but never lost or destroyed.

Coefficients

________: represent the number of units of each substance taking part in a reaction.

Catalyst

________: a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself.

Rust

________ can seriously damage iron structures because it crumbles and exposes more iron to the air.

Reduction

________: describes the gain of electrons.

Oxidation

________: describes the loss of electrons.

Electricity

________ is often used to supply energy to endergonic reactions.

Reactants

________: The substances that react.

Double Displacement Reaction

________: the positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of the other to form two new compounds.

Inhibitors

________: used to slow down a chemical reaction.

Precipitate

________: an insoluble compound that comes out of solution during this type of reaction.

Single Displacement Reaction

________: When one element replaces another element in a compound.

Endergonic Reactions

________: A chemical reaction that requires more energy to break bonds than is released when new ones are formed.

Exothermic reactions

________ provide most of the power used in homes and industries.

Exergonic Reactions

________: Chemical reactions that release energy.

total mass

The ________ of the products always equals the ________ of the reactants.

decomposition reaction

A(n) ________ is just the reverse of a synthesis.

Chemical Reaction

________: a change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances.

Combustion reactions

________ also produce one or more products that contain the elements in the reactants.

Chemical equations

________ make it easier to calculate the quantities of reactants that are needed and the quantities of products that are formed.

double displacement reaction

A(n) ________ takes place if a precipitate, water, or a gas forms when two ionic compounds in solution are combined.

Decomposition Reaction

________: occurs when one substance breaks down, or decomposes, into two or more substances.

Chemical Reaction

a change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances

Reactants

The substances that react

Products

The new substances produced

Chemical Equation

a way to describe a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and other symbols

Coefficients

represent the number of units of each substance taking part in a reaction

Balanced Chemical Equation

has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation

Combustion Reaction

occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen to produce energy in the form of heat and light

Synthesis Reaction

two or more substances combine to form another substance

Decomposition Reaction

occurs when one substance breaks down, or decomposes, into two or more substances

Single-Displacement Reaction

When one element replaces another element in a compound

Double-Displacement Reaction

the positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of the other to form two new compounds

Precipitate

an insoluble compound that comes out of solution during this type of reaction

Oxidation

describes the loss of electrons

Reduction

describes the gain of electrons

Catalyst

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself

Inhibitors

used to slow down a chemical reaction