History Chapter 12 - Important People / Groups of people

John Tyler

John Tyler

• Became president after the death of William Henry Harrison

• Gave false impressions about what he believed to Congress

• He was a state’s rights southerner

  • He considered Federalist ideas unconstitutional

• He was not going to be Clay’s Puppet

Tyler’s Troubles

• Clay viewed himself as the real head of the Whigs

  • Clay wanted to create a new United States Bank

  • He also wanted to repeal the Independent Treasury Act

    • Passed easily

• Congress would pass a new bank bill, but Tyler vetoed it

• The entire cabinet minus Secretary of State, Daniel Webster, resigned in protest

The Texas Question

• Tyler was trying to take control / annex Texas

  • The problem was slavery

• Texas created relations with Great Britain

  • Southerners didn’t like this, Great Britain had already ended slavery

• Tyler agreed and wanted to annex Texas (add it to the United States)

• Tyler’s new Secretary of State, Abel P. Upshur, was to secure the annexation, but he died before he was able to secure the vote

• Tyler’s next appointment was a blunder; he chose Calhoun (BIG MISTAKE - The Northerners were VERY MAD)

  • Calhoun was too close to slavery

  • Again, as a result, this pushed away the northerners and ended their support for annexation

Clay

Tyler’s Troubles

• Clay viewed himself as the real head of the Whigs

  • Clay wanted to create a new United States Bank

  • He also wanted to repeal the Independent Treasury Act

    • This was passed easily

  • Congress would pass a new bank bill, but Tyler vetoed it

  • The entire cabinet minus Secretary of State (Daniel Webster) resigned in protest

  • Tyler would try to make a party of his own (this FAILS)

Webster

Tyler’s Troubles

• The entire cabinet minus Secretary of State, Daniel Webster, resigned in protest of John Tyler’s Veto of the Whig Party’s bill to create a new national bank

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

• Webster wanted to settle the border between Maine and New Brunswick

• The Treaty of 1783: said the U.S. had control of lands in areas where rivers drain into the Atlantic but not the St. Lawrence

  • Problems: Wording was obscure and the maps were conflicting

• 1842: British sent Lord Ashburton to settle outstanding disputes

• Ashburton and Webster worked on a compromise boundary

  • The British wanted a small part, to make a road from Halifax to Quebec

• Webster just didn’t want to go to war

• Maine and Massachusetts wanted all the land discussed

• Webster was trying to find a single map: The Franklin Map

• When the Franklin Map couldn’t be found, Webster made his own

  • This is what he showed to the different representatives

  • The British actually had the real map, which showed that some of the land given to them by Webster was meant to be in the U.S.

• Due to Webster’s generosity, Ashburton gave other concessions with the border

The Texas Question

• After Webster, Tyler’s new Secretary of State, Abel P. Upshur, was to secure annexation

Lord Ashburton

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

• Webster wanted to settle the border between Maine and New Brunswick

• The Treaty of 1783: said the U.S. had control of lands in areas where rivers drain into the Atlantic but not the St. Lawrence

  • Problems: Wording was obscure and the maps were conflicting

• 1842: British sent Lord Ashburton to settle outstanding disputes

• Ashburton and Webster worked on a compromise boundary

  • The British wanted a small part, to make a road from Halifax to Quebec

• Webster just didn’t want to go to war

• Maine and Massachusetts wanted all the land discussed

• Webster was trying to find a single map: The Franklin Map

• When the Franklin Map couldn’t be found, Webster made his own

  • This is what he showed to the different representatives

  • The British actually had the real map, which showed that some of the land given to them by Webster was meant to be in the U.S.

• Due to Webster’s generosity, Ashburton gave other concessions with the border

Stephen F. Austin

The Texas Question

• Stephen F. Austin and others began to settle Texas

• At the same time, the Mexicans defeated the Spanish

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

The Texas Question

• Mexican president: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

  • Sent 6,000 soldiers to put down the rebels in San antonio

• A force of 187 men under colonel Travis held the city

  • They took refuge in an abandoned mission, the Alamo

  • For almost 2 weeks, they held off Santa Anna’s troops

• March 6th, 1836: The Mexican forces go in and killed them all

  • Including Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, who invented the Bowie knife

Colonel Travis

The Texas Question

• A force of 187 men under Colonel Travis held the city

  • They took refuge in an abandoned mission, the Alamo

  • For almost two weeks, they held of Santa Anna’s troops

• March 6th, 1836: The Mexican forces got in and killed them all (including Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie)

Davy Crockett

The Texas Question

• March 6th 1836: The Mexican forces got in and killed them all

  • Including Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, who invented the Bowie Knife

Jim Bowie

The Texas Question

• March 6th 1836: The Mexican forces got in and killed them all

  • Including Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie, who invented the Bowie Knife

Sam Houston

The Texas Question

• March 2nd, 1836: Texas declared their independence

• Sam Houston, a man with previous military experience, became the head of the army

  • At the beginning, Houston has his troops retreating

• At the San Jacinto River though, they took a stand on April 21st, 1836

• His troops attacked the Mexicans who had to retreat across the Rio Grande

• Sam Houston because the first president of Texas

Calhoun

The Texas Question

• Tyler’s next appointment was a blunder, he chose Calhoun to be the new Secretary of State (THIS UPSET THE NORTHERNERS VERY MUCH)

• He replaced Abel P. Upshur, who was to secure the annexation of Texas but died before he was able to secure the vote

  • Calhoun was too close to slavery

  • It alienated the northerners (pushed them away) and ended their support for annexation

Slavery in New Lands

• In response to Wilmot Proviso (his amendment banning slavery from any territory acquired from Mexico) Calhoun proposed that Congress could not legislate regarding slavery in territories since area belonged to all states, slave and free

• Calhoun felt that slavery was property, and because property can’t be taken away from you, he felt that slaves couldn’t either

John L. O’Sullivan

Manifest Destiny (“God’s will that the U.S. will rule from Sea to Sea”)

• The first colonists wanted to own the lad from Sea to sea

• Before the 1840s, the west was seen as wild and unknown

• New York Journalist, John L. O’Sullivan said that Manifest Destiny was the fulfillment of God’s will for the United States to rule from coast to coast

• The expansions only happened due to increased populations

John Jacobs Astor

California and Oregon

• By 1840: Many

Children on the Oregon Trail

Women on the Oregon Trail