3. Etiology of mental disorders (biological, psychological and environmental factors)

what is mental health consisted of?

psychological, emotional and social well-being

How does our mental health impact us?

affects how we think, feel, act, helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others and make choices

positive mental health allows people to

realize their full potential, cope with stresses of life, work productively, make meaningful contributions to their communities

ways to maintain positive mental health include

proffesional help, socialising, positivity, physical activity, helping others, sleep, developing coping skills

what is mental disorder (by WHO, 2022): a mental disorder characterizes by

a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation or behaviour

what is mental disorder (by WHO, 2022): a mental disorder characterizes by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation or behaviour. It is usually associated with

distress or impairment in important areas of functioning

how else do mental disorders are reffered to

mental health conditions

biological factors - some mental illnesses have been linked to

abnormal functioning of nerve cell circuits or pathways that connect particular brain regions

Some mental illnesses have been linked to abnormal functioning of nerve cell circuits or pathways that connect particular brain regions. Nerve cells within these brain circuits communicate through

chemicals called neurotransmitters

Biological factors (short)

physical health, genetic vulnerabilities, disability

Biological factors: genetis (heredity): a person inherits not a mental disorder but a

susceptability to a mental ilness.

Biological factors: genetis (heredity): a person inherits not a mental disorder but a susceptibility to a mental illness and doesnt enceserilly develop the illness. mental illness itself occurs from the

interaction of mulitple genes and other factors, like stress, abuse, traumtic event, which can infulence or trigger the susceptibility.

Biological factors: infections: PANDAS associated with

the streptococcus bacteria has been linked to the development of OCD and other in children

Biological factories: brain defects or injuries

in certain ares of the brain have been linked to some mental conditions

Biological factos: prenatal damage

loss of oxygen may be a factor in the development of autism, schizophrenia and depression

Biological factor: substance abuse

linked to anxiety, depression and paranoia

What are other biological factors which have a role in development of mental illness

poor nutrition, exposure to toxins like lead

Psychological factors contirbuting to mental illness

sexual, emotional, physical trauma, early loss, neglect, poor ability to relate to others

Environmental factors contributing to mental illness: Certain stressors can trigger an illness in a person who is susceptible to mental illness.

These stressors include:

death, divorce, dysfunctional family, big change

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

susceptibility to mental illness

PRECIPITATING FACTORS

events or stressors like triggers which set of mental illness symptoms

PERPETUATING FACTORS

patterns, habits or repeating circumstances that keep the problem going once it has started

what is the fourth P

protective facotrs

PROTECTIVE FACTORS: for alzheimers

physical activity

PREDISPOSING: biological factors

genetics, toxic exposure in utero, birth complications, head trauma

PREDISPOSING: psycholoogical

attachment style, personality, isolation, insecurities, fear of abandonment since childhood

PREDISPOSING: social

domestic violance, poverty, unstable home life, divorce

PRECIPITIATING: Biological

iatrogenic reaction, poor sleep, substance use/misuse

PRECIPITATING: Psychological

recent loss, stress, reexpeiencing abandonment / fears

PRECIPITATING: Social

school stress, loss of significant relationship, loss of home

PERPETUATING: Biological

poor response to medication, chronic illness, pain

PERPETUATING: Psychological

personality, coping mechanism, beliefs of self, others and the world

PERPETUATING: Social

stigma about treatment, poor finance, ongoing transition

PROTECTIVE: Biological

proper diet, sleep, good genes, physical exercise, resilience, intelligence

PROTECCTIVE: PSYHCOLOGICAL

insightful and cognitive behaviour strategies, coping skills, aware of psychology

PROTECTIVE: Social

community, family, faith, financial or disability support, GP support