Chemistry Vocab Units 0-1

Observations

Information collected through senses or tools during experiments.

Qualitative

Describes non-numerical features like color, odor, or texture.

Quantitative

Describes numerical measurements, like mass, volume, or temperature.

Inference

Logical conclusion based on observations and prior knowledge.

Drawings/Pictures/Models

Visual representations used to explain chemical structures or processes.

Scale

Relative size or level used to study matter.

Macroscopic

Properties or changes visible without magnification.

Microscopic

Features requiring magnification to observe.

Submicroscopic/Particle Level

Atomic and molecular level not visible directly.

Evidence

Data or observations supporting a claim or explanation.

Color

Property of matter based on light absorption/reflection.

Texture

Physical feel or surface quality of matter.

Smell

Odor detected by volatile molecules entering the nose.

Solubility

Ability of a substance to dissolve in solvent.

Properties

Characteristics describing matter’s identity or behavior.

Physical Property

Observed without changing chemical identity, like density.

Chemical Property

Ability of matter to undergo chemical change.

Evaporation

Process where liquid changes to gas at surface.

Matter

Anything with mass and volume occupying space.

Boiling Point

Temperature where liquid changes into vapor.

Density

Mass of substance per unit volume.

Mixture

Physical combination of substances, not chemically bonded.

Atmosphere

Gaseous layer surrounding Earth or another planet.

Environment

Surrounding conditions including air, water, and organisms.

Stickiness

Ability of a material to adhere to surfaces.

Hydrogen Bonding

Attraction between hydrogen and electronegative atoms.

Substance

Matter with uniform composition and distinct properties.

Chemistry

Study of matter, its properties, and changes.

Particles

Small building blocks of matter like atoms and molecules.

Particulate Matter

Tiny solid or liquid particles in air.

State of Matter

Physical form of matter: solid, liquid, gas.

Solid

State with fixed shape and volume.

Liquid

State with definite volume but variable shape.

Gas

State with no fixed shape or volume.

Speed

Rate at which particles move, related to energy.

Phase Change

Transition between solid, liquid, and gas states.

Physical Change

Alters form without changing chemical identity.

Chemical Change

Produces substances with new chemical identities.

Chemical Reaction

Process converting reactants into new products.

The Periodic Table

Organized chart of chemical elements by properties.

Element Names

Standard names assigned to chemical elements.

Element Symbols

Abbreviations representing chemical elements.

Chemical Compounds

Substances formed from bonded elements.

Chemical Formula

Symbols showing elements and ratios in compounds.

Graduated Cylinder

Tool measuring liquid volumes precisely.

Measurement

Determining a quantity with numbers and units.

Number & Unit

Every measurement includes both value and unit.

Dissolving

Process of solute dispersing into solvent.

AQI (Air Quality Index)

Scale rating air quality and health risks.

Solubility

Maximum solute dissolving in solvent at certain conditions.

Highly Soluble

Substance dissolves easily and completely in solvent.

Slightly Soluble

Substance dissolves only a little in solvent.

Insoluble

Substance does not dissolve noticeably in solvent.

Claim, Evidence, Reasoning (CER)

Framework linking statement, supporting data, and justification.

Potential Energy

Stored energy due to position, condition, or bonds.

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion, depends on speed and mass.

Accuracy

How close measurement is to actual value.

Precision

How close repeated measurements are to each other.

Matter

Anything with mass and volume.

Extensive Property

Property depending on sample size, like mass.

Intensive Property

Property independent of amount, like density.

System

Portion of universe chosen for study.

Calorie

Energy needed to heat 1 g water by 1°C.

Kilocalorie

Energy to heat 1 kg water by 1°C.

Calorimeter

Device measuring heat flow in reactions.

Chemical Energy

Energy stored in bonds of substances.

Metric System (KHD m, L, g dcm)

Unit system using prefixes for scale.

Mass

Quantity of matter in an object.

Temperature

Average kinetic energy of particles in matter.

Fahrenheit

Temperature scale freezing at 32°, boiling at 212°.

Celsius

Temperature scale freezing at 0°, boiling at 100°.

Kelvin

Absolute temperature scale starting at zero.

Volume

Space occupied by matter.

Meniscus

Curve at liquid’s surface in container.

Density (D = m/v)

Mass per unit volume calculation.

Density of Water

Standard: 1 g/mL at room temperature.

1 mL = 1 cm³

Volume equivalence between milliliters and cubic centimeters.

Energy Transfer

Movement of energy between objects or systems.

Conduction

Heat transfer by direct particle contact.

Convection

Heat transfer by fluid movement.

Radiation

Energy transfer through electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic Waves

Waves carrying energy through space without matter.

Dimensional Analysis

Method converting units using relationships.

Conversion Factors

Ratios expressing equality between units.

Equivalency

Statement showing equal values in different units.

Significant Figures

Digits showing measurement precision.

Scientific Notation

Expressing numbers with powers of ten.

Constraints

Limits or restrictions in scientific problems.

Classification of Matter

Organization into substances and mixtures.

Pure Substance

Matter with uniform, definite composition.

Element

Simplest substance made of one type atom.

Monoatomic

Consisting of single, unbonded atoms.

Diatomic

Molecules containing two bonded atoms.

Compound

Pure substance of chemically bonded elements.

Molecules

Groups of atoms bonded together.

Mixture

Physical combination of multiple substances.

Homogeneous Mixture

Uniform mixture throughout.

Solution

Homogeneous mixture of solute in solvent.

Negative Tyndall Effect

Light passes without scattering in solutions.

Heterogeneous Mixture

Non-uniform mixture with visible parts.