body systems

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

levels of organisation

digestive system function

Breaking down complex foods into simple nutrients that the body can absorb

mechanical digestion

Breaks substances into smaller pieces and mix them together

chemical digestion (protase lipase amylase)

Converts substances into simpler forms via chemical reactions

mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

digestive tract (mossl)

mouth

teeth- biting and cheming (mechanical) saliva- salivary glands+enzymes break down starch

oesophagus

does peristalsis to mechanicallydigest food

stomach

mechanical- churns food Chemical- gastric juice

liver

produces bile

pancreas

produces pancreatic juice (protase, lipase, amylase)

gallbladder

stores and releases bile in small intestine

small intestine

absorbs nutrients through villi

large intestine

absorbs water to create stool—> rectum—> anus

respitory system function

Takes in air and extracts oxygen from it, Removes carbon dioxide

nasal cavity

warms, moistens and filters air

pharynx/larynx/trachea

Connects the nose and mouth to the lungs./Voice box; helps with breathing and speaking./carries air to lungs

bronchi

two main airways leading into the lungs.

lungs

Organs where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed.

alveoli

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange happens

Diaphragm

Muscle that helps hold, contract and relax lungs

Intercostal muscles

Muscles between the ribs that assist with breathing by expanding and contracting the chest

circulaotory system functions

Transport nutrients and wastes, Delivers oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide from cells, Spread heat around the body

heart

4 chambered system that pumps blood through body

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

order of 4 chambers 1- impure blood in 4- pure blood out

arteries/veins

pure blood AWAY from heart/ impure blood TO heart

capillaries

Tiny blood vessels around aveolis and organs where gas and nutrient exchange occurs

blood

transports oxygen, nutrients and waste (made of plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets)

excretory system function

remove urine

kidneys

filter blood, remove waste, produce urine (contains nephrons)

uterers

Tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

bladder

stores urine

urethra

expells urine