bantu
first complex African society
population growth and technological/agricultural advances sparked a large migration from 1500 BCE-500 BCE
influence spreads all over southern, west and east Africa
thousands of language still spoken today
aksumite
(present-day Eritrea and Ethiopia) emerged in eastern Africa around 100 BCE
developed its own currency and script (Ge’ez)
the first African society to adopt Christianity under the leadership of King Ezana
advanced monetary system, exemplified by the coin of King Ezana, dating back to around 340-400 CE
Nok
(present-day Nigeria), one of the earliest iron-working societies of West Africa, emerged around 500 BCE
known for their terracotta sculptures, pottery, and stone instruments
most ancient extant evidence of a complex, settled society in sub-Saharan Africa
Nubia/Kush
emerged along the Nile River around 3000 BCE
was the source of Egypt's gold and luxury trade items, which created conflict between the two societies
defeated Egypt around 750 BCE and established the 25th dynasty of the Black Pharaohs, who ruled Egypt for a century
currency
international recognition and trade
exposure to new ideas
legitimizes an empire
important for historical records
catalan atlas
details the wealth and influence of mansa musa and the mali empire