US History Regents Court Cases 2

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

National Bank (BUS) is constitutional, power of federal government increases over states

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

African Americans were NOT citizens; slaves were deemed as property

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Separate but equal; upheld Jim Crow laws

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Free speech can be limited in times of crisis

Brown v. Board of Ed (1954)

Overturned the doctrine of "separate but equal" as it applies to schools

Manifest Destiny

"Divine" belief that US will expand from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean

Proclamation of 1763

After British win French/Indian war no settlement west of Appalachian Mountains

Popular Sovereignty

The people vote; Direct election of Congress and referendums

Erie Canal

Man-made waterway connecting Atlantic Ocean (NYC) to Great Lakes (Buffalo)

Interstate Highway Systems

Connects Eastern & Western Continental United States; Can cross US in car within 4 days

Reform

An attempted to make a change for the betterment of society.

19th Amendment

Women's Suffrage (1920)

Suffrage Movements

Push to gain voting rights for ALL Americans

Abolitionism

1820-1865: Anti Slavery movement that grew in the United States

Underground Railroad

Series to safe house from South to North to Canada

Harriet Tubman

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe's book about Slavery in the South

Harpers Ferry

John Brown led raid in attempt to start slave revolt

George Washington

president who established the two-term tradition

Washington's Farewell Address

promoted neutrality and said to avoid political parties

Thomas Jefferson

president who negotiated Louisiana Purchase; Doubled the size of the US

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

1st Amendment

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

No taxation without _______________

representation

Thomas Paine

Author of "Common Sense"

3/5th Compromise (1787)

counted every five slaves as three individuals for purposes of taxation and representation

Missouri Compromise

it was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

Seneca Falls Convention

the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

The Fugitive Slave Law

this law required that northern states forcibly returned escaped slaves to their owners

13th Amendment

abolished slavery (FREE)

14th Amendment

citizenship for African Americans

15th Amendment

gave African American men the right to vote

Dawes Act

1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners