AP World Midterm Multiple Choice

Which of the following made possible the Chinese cultivation of the staple crops described in the passage?

Which of the following made possible the Chinese cultivation of the staple crops described in the passage?

The intensification of regional trade networks in East and South Asia

The act of the countess of Béarn in the image is most closely identified with which of the following political systems?

Feudalism

In Europe, political relationships of the type depicted in the image emerged most directly on account of which of the following developments?

Local elites’ need for military protection from more powerful lords

The quotation above best supports which of the following conclusions about the author’s motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America?

Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750–1900 ?

Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.

Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph?

The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.

Which of the following claims does al-Jabarti make about the French?

The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.

Image 1 best illustrates which of the following features of the Chinese economy in the period 1200 to 1450 ?

Technological innovations increased agricultural yields.

The activity depicted in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following characteristics of China’s economy before 1450 ?

The reliance on systems of peasant labor

Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best describes the effect of the spread of Islam on Indian Ocean trade?

It led to the expansion and intensification of commerce along already existing trade routes.

Which of the following factors contributed the most to Omani traders’ ability to undertake the voyages depicted on the maps?

Navigational and maritime innovations, such as the astrolabe and lateen sail

The particular routes and timings of the voyages depicted on the maps best reflect which of the following characteristics of Omani merchants?

Their advanced knowledge of Indian Ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns

Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following could be best inferred about the South and East Asian trading cities on the map?

They had Muslim diasporic merchant communities.

Which of the following factors best explains the distribution of Muslim populations shown on the map above?

Merchant activity

The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following?

The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests

The passage by al-Khatib best illustrates which of the following?

The growth of scientific thought and innovation in Muslim Spain

Article 4 of the treaty is best explained as evidence of how states in the period 1450–1750 sought to

suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups

The actions of the Maroons that forced British colonial authorities to conclude a treaty with them are best explained as evidence of reactions against which of the following global trends in the period 1450–1750 ?

The increasing expansion and centralization of state power

The passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas in the period 1500–1750 ?

Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.

Based on the description of the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the second paragraph, which of the following conclusions about Mota y Escobar is best supported?

He was critical of the motivations of the Spanish conquistadors.

The ethnic makeup of Zacatecas, as described in the passage, can best be used as evidence of which of the following?

The dependence of colonial economies on coerced labor

Based on the passage, it could be inferred that the high prices of firewood in seventeenth-century Zacatecas were a result of which of the following processes?

The introduction of European practices of resource extraction

Which of the following best explains why the painting was seen as a challenge to social conventions when it was painted?

Caribbean society was built on racial hierarchies that generally reserved elite status for people of European ancestry.

Which of the following best describes the artist’s likely purpose in painting this particular subject?

To argue for the respectability of free people of color

The artist’s perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following?

The Enlightenment

Which of the following most directly led to the arrival of substantial numbers of Africans in the Americas at the time of the painting?

The expansion of the plantation system for growing sugarcane and other crops

Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch?

The Enlightenment

Which of the following developments facilitated the family situation portrayed in Brandes’ sketch?

The expansion of European colonial empires in Southeast Asia

The domestic labor of the enslaved woman in the sketch is most similar to the predominant form of slavery in which of the following regions?

Africa

In the late nineteenth century, which of the following would most motivate the Dutch to continue to expand their presence in Indonesia?

The acquisition of natural resources for manufacturing

The disputes over women’s social status alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies?

The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights

Which of the following groups in late-nineteenth-century Egypt would have been most likely to support the author’s view in the third paragraph about the status of women in “modern civilization” ?

The urban middle class

The letter’s reference in the third paragraph to the claims of “our doctors and scientists” is best understood in the context of which of the following late nineteenth-century processes?

Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans.

Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify?

That the merchandise sold in Hangzhou was of higher quality than that sold in other Chinese cities

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by

increased production of cash crops like sugar

The trade illustrated by the map contributed most directly to which of the following?

The Haitian Revolution

Which of the following best explains the relative volume of trade to different destinations as shown on the map?

The increasing demand for labor on cash crop plantations

All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT

air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels

Which of the following best describes the impact on African society of the trade depicted on the map?

Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished.

Which of the following long-term changes in the period circa 1550–1700 best demonstrates that the actions described by de Estete in the passage failed to fully achieve their goals?

The emergence of syncretic religious practices in the Americas

The Spanish actions described in the passage differed from European attempts to promote Christianity in South and East Asia in the period 1450–1750 in that

in South and East Asia, Europeans were unable to subjugate politically the powerful existing states

Which of the following would be most useful in establishing the reliability of de Estete’s depiction of the events in the passage?

An account by an Inca who was also present

The founding of “the Australian nation,” as alluded to in the passage, was part of which of the following processes?

European states’ establishment of settler colonies

The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes?

To establish the griot’s authority by connecting him to the past

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author’s argument in the passage?

Archaeological evidence suggests that iron metallurgy spread across sub-Saharan Africa in several distinct waves, separated by hundreds of years.

In addition to languages, the peoples discussed in the passage are credited with the diffusion of which of the following in sub-Saharan Africa?

New agricultural techniques

During the nineteenth century, which of the following engaged in a territorial expansion most similar to the one depicted in Map 1 ?

The United States

Which of the following empires in the period 1450–1750 engaged in a type of territorial expansion most similar to that depicted in Map 1 ?

The Mughal Empire

The developments depicted in Map 2 most directly emerged from which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms

The primary rationale for Japan’s territorial acquisitions in Southeast Asia during the period 1933–1942, as reflected in Map 2, was most similar to the primary rationale for which of the following?

The British East India Company’s takeover of other European states’ colonial possessions in India

The ideals of traditional Japanese education that the author praises in the passage are most closely aligned with the social ideals advocated by which of the following?

Confucianism

The Meiji government’s “emulation of foreign ways” was most directly a response to which of the following nineteenth-century developments?

Western states forcing Japan to open itself to trade

The values of “foreign civilization” that Nagazane criticized in the passage were most directly a product of the

Scientific and Industrial Revolutions

Which of the following states in the nineteenth century experienced social tensions resulting from the introduction of foreign cultural influences in a way most similar to that described in the passage?

The Ottoman Empire

The excerpt above emphasizes which of the following solutions to the exploitation of industrial laborers?

Sufficient wages for factory workers to live full, comfortable lives

In the passage above, Lin Zexu is asking that the British do which of the following?

Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China

Excerpt, Constitution of the Fanti Confederation, West Africa, 1871

Which of the following best describes the excerpt above?

A liberal nationalist response to colonialism

Late-nineteenth-century transoceanic labor migrations were most directly facilitated by which of the following developments?

The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation

On a global scale, the gender makeup of the migrants referred to in the second paragraph best helps to explain which of the following social changes in home societies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men

Long-distance immigration to the Americas in the late nineteenth century most often contributed to which of the following processes?

Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies

Which of the following claims that Barkey makes in the passage appears to contradict most directly her assertion in the first sentence of the first paragraph?

Non-Muslims were second-class citizens who endured prejudice.

All of the following statements about the Ottoman Empire in the period 1450–1750 are factually accurate. Which would most strongly support Barkey’s claim regarding the Ottoman state and toleration in the passage?

The Ottoman army increasingly relied on the contributions of the Janissary corps, which was mostly composed of soldiers of non-Turkic origin.

Which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 would a historian most likely cite to support Barkey’s claim regarding the Ottoman Empire and its predecessors and contemporaries in the first sentence of the second paragraph?

The establishment of racial categories of social hierarchy under the casta system in Spanish colonies in the Americas

The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century?

The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution

Great Britain’s development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to

use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production

Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century would most likely help explain the size and composition of the workforce at the Bayer plant as described in the second paragraph?

The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions.

The illustrated history was prepared for the Mughal emperor Akbar in the late sixteenth century.

Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?

States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT

the Aztec (Mexica) Empire

Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450–1750 ?

It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states’ military capabilities grew.

Which of the following most accurately describes Bernier’s main argument concerning Mughal administration?

The Mughal government’s practice of tax farming was not an effective means of promoting economic growth.

The contractors described in the passage are an example of which of the following?

New elites recruited to generate increased revenue after imperial conquests

The actions of peasants, artisans, and merchants discussed in the third paragraph are an example of

resistance against state attempts to collect revenue

All the following statements about Bernier are factually accurate. Which would most increase historians’ confidence in the reliability of his account?

He spent several years as an official at the Mughal imperial court.

In the excerpt, Bolívar expresses which of the following?

Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies

Which of the following groups was Bolívar most trying to influence with this letter?

Creole elites

Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?

Mercantilism

“Remarks on the Opium Trade,” letter to a British magazine from an anonymous English merchant in Guangzhou (Canton), China, published in 1836

The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following?

The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states

As described in the second paragraph, the arguments made by the supporters of the opium trade were most similar to the arguments made in the early nineteenth century by supporters of the continued use of

African slave labor on sugar plantations in the Americas

A historian might argue that the trade described in the passage reflected a turning point in world history primarily because the opium trade

shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China

The Australian catalog page of 1929 shown above shows women primarily as

consumers in a world economy

Césaire’s statement above was most likely made in response to

European colonizers’ claim that their rule had improved life in the colonies

Based on the passage, in which of the following ways were Safavid Persian trading practices similar to those of other land-based Islamic empires during the seventeenth century?

The participation of multiple ethnic and religious groups in interregional trade

Which of the following most directly contributed to the geographic expansion of Safavid trade during the period from 1450 to 1750, as indicated in the passage?

Safavid exchanges with European trading-post empires in Asia

Which of the following most directly caused a disruption in the land-based trade of the Safavid empire during the period circa 1500–1750 ?

Conflicts between the Shi‘a Safavids and neighboring Sunni empires

Which of the following historical processes after 1750 contributed most directly to a change in Safavid production and export patterns as described in the passage?

European industrialization