AP World History Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes.

Networks of Exchange

Refers to the connections and interactions between states during Unit Two, focusing on how they are linked through trade and other means.

The Silk Roads

A network of trade routes primarily used for trading luxury goods, such as silk, for elite markets. Key cities along the routes, like Kashgar and Samarkand, grew in prominence.

Caravan Surai

A series of roadside inns and guesthouses along the Silk Road that facilitated trade by providing merchants with safe places to rest.

Money Economies

Systems using paper money instead of precious metals, originating in China, which made trade easier due to the reduced weight of currency.

Banking Houses

European innovations based on Chinese models that provided credit and facilitated trade along the Silk Road.

Indian Ocean Network

The most significant sea-based trade network before 1500, driven by the desire for goods not found at home, technological innovations, and the spread of Islam.

Swahili City States

Cities in Eastern Africa that acted as brokers for goods from the African interior, such as gold, ivory, and enslaved people, facilitating trade in the Indian Ocean Network.

Sultanate of Malacca

A state that controlled the Strait of Malacca, growing wealthy due to its strategic position in the Indian Ocean trade network.

Diasporic Communities

Settlements created by people living apart from their homeland, such as Arab and Persian communities in East Africa and Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, that helped facilitate trade.

Voyages of Zheng He

Voyages during the Ming Dynasty to distant places throughout the Indian Ocean, aimed at enrolling them in the Chinese tribute system and increasing China's influence over trade.

Trans-Saharan Trade

A trade network connecting North Africa and the Mediterranean with the interior and West Africa, facilitated by the introduction of the Arabian camel and saddles.

Empire of Mali

A West African empire that rose to prominence due to trade, particularly under Mansa Musa, who monopolized trade between the north and the interior of the continent.

Mansa Musa

The most powerful and influential ruler of Mali, who further monopolized trade and increased the wealth of Mali, facilitating the growth of existing trade networks.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions, etc.

Chan Buddhism

A form of Buddhism that entered China from India via the Silk Road and was later exported to Japan as Zen Buddhism, undergoing changes in the process.

Swahili

A blend of Arabic and Bantu languages that facilitated trade in Sub-Saharan Africa as a result of Islamic expansion.

Baghdad

A city that experienced a period of decline after being sacked by the Mongols, illustrating the rise and fall of cities due to interconnectedness.

Ibn Battuta

A traveler who journeyed throughout Dar al-Islam, documenting his experiences and highlighting the interconnectedness of the world through trade routes.

Bubonic Plague (Black Death)

A deadly disease that spread along trade routes due to increasing connectivity, leading to significant environmental and social consequences.

Mongol Empire

The largest land-based empire in history, which facilitated increased interaction across Afro-Eurasia by controlling the Silk Road network and encouraging trade.

Gunpowder

The chief means by which land-based empires were able to expand and consolidate power during the period of 1450-1750.

Ottoman Empire

A land-based empire founded in the fourteenth century that expanded through the adoption of gunpowder weapons and the use of enslaved Christian soldiers known as Janissaries.

Safavid Empire

A Shiite Islamic dynasty established in 1501 that built up its military with gunpowder weapons and an enslaved army, similar to the Ottomans.

Mughal Empire

An empire established in 1526 by Babur, who used gunpowder to displace the Delhi Sultanate, and later expanded under Akbar, who was tolerant of religious beliefs and masterful in administration.

Qing Dynasty

A dynasty established by the Manchu people of the North after raiding China and taking over from the Ming dynasty, causing tension due to the ethnic difference between the Manchu rulers and the Han Chinese population.

Emperor Kangxi

A Qing ruler who used art, particularly imperial portraits, to legitimize his rule and appeal to the Han Chinese population.

Legitimizing Power

Methods used by a ruler to communicate who's in charge, convincing the people that they are the legitimate ruler.

Consolidating Power

Methods used to transfer power from other groups to a single ruler, bringing lots of things together in one.

Louis XIV

The Sun King of France, who used monumental architecture, such as the Palace of Versailles, to consolidate his rule by controlling the French nobility.

Council of Trent

A meeting where the Catholic Church reaffirmed their ancient doctrines of salvation by faith and works following the Reformation.

Sikhism

A syncretic blend of Hindu and Islamic doctrines that formed a new faith in South Asia.