Present Perfect; Present Continuous

What is PRESENT PERFECT?

It is an action performed sometime in the PAST that has a RELATION to the PRESENT (any link)

What are the 3 types of PRESENT PERFECT?

1) RESULT: I’ve lost keys, so I can’t open the door now.

2) LIFE EXPERIENCE: I have been to Japan. I’ve met her already.

3) UNFINISHED ACTIONS: I’ve moved here 10 years ago.

• I’ve worked here for 3 years. (STILL works here)

• I ___ worked here for 3 years (LEFT the job)

Structure for PRESENT PERFECT

(+) Subject + HAVE/HAS + Ved/V3 + other

• I HAVE learned how to swim 2 years ago.

(-) Subject + HAVE/HAS + NOT + Ved/V3 + other (haven’t/hasn’t)

• I HAVEN’T learned how to swim 2 years ago.

(?) (Wh-) + HAVE/HAS + Subject + Ved/V3 + other?

• HAVE you ever learned how to swim?

What’s the difference between PAST SIMPLE and PRESENT PERFECT?

PAST SIMPLE:

1) Finished action in the past

• I lived here for 10 years. (doesn’t live here anymore)

2) More specific (we know when/where)

• She took the first place in Olympics.

PRESENT PERFECT:

1) Unfinished action

• I have lived here for 10 years (still lives here)

2) No specific time

• She has won the golden medal.

3) Recent action

• She has just passed the exam.

CLUE word for PRESENT PERFECT?

• EVER

• NEVER

• JUST

• ALREADY

• YET

When we use PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS?

We use it to talk about actions which STARTED in the past and still true now.

• ONGOING ACTION

Example: He has been playing tennis for 20 days (still plays)

Structure for PP Continues

(+) S + HAVE/HAS BEEN + Ving + other

• I have been studying all day

(-) S + HAVEN'T/HASN’T BEEN + Ving + other

• She hasn’t been studying all day.

(?) (Wh- q) + HAVE/HAS + S + BEEN + Ving + other?

• What have you been doing today?

• Has she been waiting long?