phys exam one part one

effector function

corrects disturbance and removes stimulus, the part of the body that addresses the output from the integrating center

where does receptor send info

integrating center which decides whether or not out of range (comparator)

what could be your integrating center

brain, spinal cord, single cell (pancreatic beta cells), parathyroid gland

open loop system

response but no feedback mechanism, one direction

close looped system

response with feedback

feedforward system, disturbance in the force

anticipares change in a controlled variable before it occurs by monitoring changes in the external environment

examples of feedforward

altering heat production mechanisms before change in core temperature, heart rate increasing before you stand up, glucose receptors increase insulin before glucose absorption raised in glucose, respiratory rate, tidal volume, heart rate, an co increase at the beginning of exercise, cephalic phase of digestion (saliva)

when does open loop work

in rigid conditions (predefined actions) and possible situations are highly predictable

feed forward control advantage and disadvantage

faster reactions because has predefined actions and very strict

what sensors measure pressure

baroreceptros in aorta and cartoid arteries

wat senses stretch of muscles/ tendons

stretch muscle sensors

what monitors glucose levels

pancreatic B cells, facilitated diffusion proces

methods of information getting back to the integrating center

nerves, local, paracrine, endocrine

where is integrating center for muscles

in spine

what is the integrating center for glucose levels

pancreative beta cells

controlled system components

controlled ssytem, controlled variablem Sensors, information = transmission, integrating center, effector

example of negative feedback for thermoregulation

vasodilation in skin heat

vasocontrstion

body temp fall and vessels in skin constrict

What is released onto Sa node to decrease heart rate and blood pressure

acetylcholine

what is the integrating center and sensor for blood sugar

pancreas

what kind of response do you get from positive feedback

large rapid changes

physiological examples of positive feedback

oxytocin in parturition, estrogen in ovulation, na channels in action potential, clotting cascade, complement cascade

what is stimulus in child birth

pressure on cervix

what does brain stimulate during birth

tells pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin

What does oxytocin stimulate

uterine contraction and push fetus toward cervix

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

what makes up the peripheral nervous system

motor neuronas and sensory neurons

what makes up motor neurons

somatic and autonomic nervous system

motor nuerons

central nervous system to muscles and glands

what does somatic nervous system to

sensory neuron direction

affferent, sending to integrating center

somatic nervous system

controls voluntary movements

autonomic nervous system

controls involuntary responses

sympathetic division

fight or flight

parasympathetic division

rest or digest