Expansion of Land Based Empires and Gunpowder Empires

Practice flashcards based on the lecture notes covering the expansion of land-based and gunpowder empires, their characteristics, conflicts, and the impact of belief systems.

What was the main catalyst for the expansion of land-based empires during this period?

The adoption of gunpowder weapons.

Which empire is considered the most significant Islamic empire during its time?

The Ottoman Empire.

What significant event did the Ottoman Empire accomplish in 1453?

The sack of Constantinople.

What did Ismail declare when he established the Safavid Empire?

That it was a Shi’a Muslim state.

Who was the notable leader of the Mughal Empire that expanded its reach and was tolerant of various religious beliefs?

Akbar.

What major change occurred in China leading to the establishment of the Qing Dynasty?

The decline of the Ming Dynasty.

What was a key factor that caused rivalries and conflicts between the Safavid and Mughal empires?

Religious differences (Shi’a vs Sunni).

What was the purpose of the devşirme system in the Ottoman Empire?

To staff the imperial bureaucracy with highly trained individuals.

What was the divine right of kings?

The belief that monarchs were ordained to rule by God.

How did the Mughal Empire collect taxes effectively?

Through the zamindar system.

What practice led to a decline in trust in the Catholic Church during the 15th century?

The sale of indulgences and simony.

Who was Martin Luther and what was his impact on the Catholic Church?

A monk who criticized corrupt practices and initiated the Protestant Reformation.

What was the Council of Trent?

A council that addressed and corrected corrupt practices within the Catholic Church.

What two major belief systems emerged in South Asia during the Mughal Empire?

Bhakti and Sikhism.

What was a significant aspect of the relationship between the Safavid and Ottoman Empires?

Their ongoing wars driven by political rivalry and religious division.