ppcm: ICF model

What is the purpose of the Guide to PT Practice?

To review management of commonly seen patients, implement a common approach to measuring outcomes, educate referral sources and payers, and initiate new practice opportunities.

What roles do physical therapists play across the continuum of care?

They provide access to services for health conditions, administer tests, facilitate habilitation and rehabilitation, enhance performance, and offer prevention and risk-reduction services.

What components are included in a physical therapist's examination?

History, physical examination, tests and measures, and core foundational movements.

What is the significance of patient observation in the examination process?

It helps gather subjective information and assess the patient's condition.

What is the purpose of the evaluation phase in patient management?

To interpret and synthesize examination findings leading to a diagnosis, prognosis, and management plan.

What does the patient/client management model emphasize?

The centrality of shared decision-making and the influence of movement science in the reasoning process.

What types of data can be generated from a patient or client history?

Subjective information, prior tests, measures, referrals, and health conditions.

What is the role of hypothesis generation in the patient/client management model?

It occurs at each step of the reasoning process to guide clinical decision-making.

What frameworks are used in the examination process?

Biomechanics, Motor Control Framework, and Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy (ANPT) Framework.

What is the outcome of the evaluation process?

Establishing a diagnosis, determining prognosis, and developing a management plan.

What is the significance of the ICF Model in patient management?

It provides a framework for understanding and addressing health conditions in a holistic manner.

What does the term 'medical screening' refer to in the context of physical therapy?

The process of reviewing health conditions to identify potential issues requiring further evaluation.

What is included in the PT systems review?

Assessment of cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, integumentary, and neurological systems.

How does the Guide to Practice assist physical therapists?

It provides a structured approach to patient management and clinical decision-making.

What is the importance of communication strategies during an initial patient interview?

They help establish rapport, gather essential information, and facilitate effective assessment.

What is a management plan in physical therapy?

A tailored plan developed based on the evaluation findings to guide patient care.

What is the role of physical therapists in direct access and primary care?

They provide initial evaluation and treatment without requiring a physician's referral.

What is the significance of documenting effectiveness in physical therapy?

It helps track patient progress and informs future treatment decisions.

What is the expected outcome of the examination process?

To gather comprehensive information that informs diagnosis and treatment planning.

What does the term 'habilitation' mean in the context of physical therapy?

The process of helping patients achieve optimal function and independence.

What is the importance of understanding the patient's health condition?

It guides the physical therapist in developing an appropriate and effective management plan.

What do the dotted circles in the ICF model represent?

The influences of personal factors and the environment.

What is the purpose of establishing a diagnosis in physical therapy?

To make appropriate management decisions and determine the most suitable intervention strategy.

What are the three diagnosis classifications mentioned in the notes?

ICD-10, ICF, and Movement systems.

What is included in a management plan for physical therapy?

Individual's goals, prognosis, interventions including duration and frequency, and plans for referral or consultation.

What are the primary goals of physical therapy interventions?

To remediate impairments, improve functional performance, and promote health and wellness.

What factors influence the complexity, frequency, and duration of physical therapy interventions?

Psychosocial and economic factors, patient's overall health status, and adherence to the intervention program.

What are outcomes in the context of physical therapy?

The actual results of implementing the management plan that indicate the impact on functioning.

Why do physical therapists report outcomes?

To demonstrate progress, for payment purposes, and to assess whether goals have been met.

What is subjective history in patient/client management?

The systematic gathering of subjective data from the individual, caregiver, and health records.

What is basic screening in physical therapy?

Includes a Review of Systems (ROS) and a Systems Review.

What does advanced screening involve?

Further interviews, specific screens, and special tests beyond basic screening.

What is the purpose of the Review of Systems in physical therapy?

To gather information relevant to major body systems to identify symptoms that may require additional medical evaluation.

Name some major body systems that physical therapists assess during the Review of Systems.

Cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, hematologic, immune, integumentary, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems.

What psychological conditions might physical therapists evaluate during the Review of Systems?

Unexplained weight change, fatigue, cognitive well-being, and emotional well-being such as anxiety and feelings of hopelessness.

What is the significance of the management plan in physical therapy?

It provides a framework for services based on evidence, expertise, and individual needs.

How does the ICF model influence physical therapy practice?

It emphasizes the interaction between health conditions and personal/environmental factors.

What is the role of physical therapists in establishing a prognosis?

To predict the likely outcome of the patient's condition and guide the management plan.

What types of data are generated from a patient or client history?

Subjective data from questioning and health records.

What is the aim of physical therapy interventions?

To optimize activity, participation, and quality of life.

What is the importance of adherence to the intervention program?

It significantly influences the effectiveness of the treatment and patient outcomes.

What is the impact of psychosocial factors on physical therapy interventions?

They can affect the complexity, frequency, and duration of interventions.

What is included in the summary of plans for referral in a management plan?

Plans for consultation with other healthcare providers as needed.

How do physical therapists determine the most appropriate intervention strategy?

By analyzing examination findings, diagnosis, and established goals.

What is the significance of the citation provided in the notes?

It attributes the information to the source and indicates where it can be accessed.

What is the primary focus of the targeted systems review in physical therapy?

To assess the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, integumentary system, musculoskeletal system, neuromuscular system, and neurologic system.

What components are included in the neurologic system assessment during a physical examination?

Communication ability, affect, cognition, language, ability to read, and learning style.

What basic measurements are taken during the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems review?

Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), edema, and auscultation as needed.

What aspects are evaluated in the integumentary system during a physical examination?

Skin color, lesions, integrity, turgor, and scars.

What does the musculoskeletal system assessment include?

Symmetry, gross strength, range of motion (ROM), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and bone density if available.

What is the difference between basic and advanced screening in physical therapy?

Basic screening is performed for all patients regardless of health condition, while advanced screening focuses on specific health conditions or findings.

What are examples of advanced screening techniques in physical therapy?

FEE (Functional Evaluation and Examination), kinesiology (biomechanics and posture), joint mobility assessment, and neuro assessments (reflexes, balance, vestibular).

What is the purpose of screening as an ongoing process in physical therapy?

To identify signs and symptoms that suggest the presence of serious pathology.

What does the acronym 'F.A.S.T.' stand for in the context of stroke assessment?

Face, Arms, Speech, Time.

What should a physical therapist do if a patient shows signs of a stroke?

Call 911 immediately and note the time when symptoms started.

What is the role of clinical reasoning in the evaluation process of physical therapy?

It informs the decision to treat, refer, or educate patients.

What are the different types of diagnoses a physical therapist must differentiate?

Physical therapist diagnosis (PT Dx), referral diagnosis (Referral Dx), and medical diagnosis (Medical Dx).

What are prognostic indicators in the context of physical therapy?

Factors that help predict the outcome of treatment and guide decision-making.

What is the significance of shared decision-making in physical therapy?

It ensures that the plan of care is organized and incorporates the patient's preferences and values.

How does the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice relate to the plan of care?

It provides a framework for organizing the plan of care using the language of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF).

What is the importance of the patient's self-assessment tool for heart failure decompensation?

It aids in monitoring the patient's condition and guiding treatment decisions.

What should a physical therapist do if a patient self-refers for generalized joint pain and fear of falling?

Conduct a physical examination focusing on joint deformities and inquire about falls or balance issues.

What are red flags in physical therapy screening?

Signs and symptoms that indicate the potential presence of serious underlying conditions.

What is the purpose of the physical therapist's decision-making process regarding other providers?

To determine whether to provide interventions, refer to other providers, or co-manage care.

What is the role of the physical therapist in educating patients during the referral process?

To inform patients about their condition and the reasons for referral to other healthcare providers.

What is the significance of the citation from O'Sullivan & Schmitz's Physical Rehabilitation?

It provides a reference for the guidelines and practices in physical therapy evaluation and decision-making.

What is the expected outcome of effective clinical reasoning in physical therapy?

Improved patient outcomes through appropriate interventions and referrals.

What is the purpose of the guide mentioned in the notes?

It provides a comprehensive view of practice, a common language for PTs and non-PTs, and a starting point for systematic study of practice.

What is the ICF Model?

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a framework for understanding the interaction among components of functioning and disability.

What are social determinants of health?

They include economic stability, age, gender, social status, access to health services, quality education, healthy environments, and community support.

What should interventions focus on according to the notes?

Interventions should focus on the skills the patient needs to achieve maximum functional independence.

What is the Integrated Framework for Decision Making in physical therapy?

It illustrates the importance of shared decision-making and the influence of movement science in the clinical reasoning process.

What does the plan of care incorporate according to the notes?

It incorporates the language of the ICF and is based on movement science and physiology principles.

What are the four types of interventions mentioned?

Remedial, Compensatory, Preventative, and Rehabilitation-Compensation-Adaptation-Prevention.

What does the FITT equation stand for in exercise interventions?

Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type.

What does examination in physical therapy consist of?

It includes dissection of participation goals into relevant activities, movement observation, analysis of tasks, and hypothesis generation related to body function and structure.

What is the role of primary prevention services by physical therapists?

They focus on health and wellness programs to reduce future injury or disease in healthy populations.

What is the significance of the consensus-based document mentioned?

It is not a Clinical Guideline but serves as a working document for practice.

What is the Bio-psychosocial Model?

It is a model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and disability.

How does the ICF model relate to personal factors and the environment?

The ICF model incorporates personal factors and environmental influences, represented with dotted circles in the framework.

What is the importance of hypothesis generation in the clinical decision-making process?

Hypothesis generation occurs at each step of the reasoning process and guides the treatment approach.

What is meant by 'shared decision-making' in the context of physical therapy?

It refers to the collaborative process between the therapist and patient in determining the best course of action for treatment.

What is the goal of the examination process in physical therapy?

To analyze tasks and generate hypotheses related to body function and structure.

What is the significance of the year 2007 in relation to the ICF?

It is the year the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was published.

What does the term 'maximum functional independence' refer to?

It refers to the highest level of independence a patient can achieve in their daily activities.

What are the three frameworks used in movement observation and analysis?

Biomechanics, Motor Control Framework, and Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy (ANPT) Framework.

What is the role of the American Physical Therapy Association in relation to the ICF?

They published the ICF model and related documents to guide physical therapy practice.

What does the term 'activity' refer to in the context of physical therapy?

It refers to the execution of a task or action by an individual.

What is the focus of treatment regarding body structure and impairments?

Not all body structure impairments are related to the patient's activity limitations, and treatment should prioritize relevant functional skills.

What is the purpose of reviewing a patient chart before an interview in acute and rehab settings?

To enable clarification and consistency of information.

What is the primary goal of motivational interviewing in physical therapy?

To find out what motivates patients to seek and participate in care.

What are the two main types of interview questions used in patient interviews?

Open-ended questions and closed-ended questions.

Give an example of an open-ended question that can be asked during a patient interview.

What brings you to therapy?

What is a closed-ended question?

A question that can be answered with a simple yes or no.

What is the funnel sequence in interview questioning?

A technique that moves from more open questions to closed questions, leading from one question to the next.

What are the three interviewing styles mentioned in the notes?

Following, Directing, and Guiding.

What is a key approach to enhance patient communication during an interview?

Asking permission, such as 'May I ask what brings you to therapy today?'

do's for conducting a patient interview.

Give eye contact

Clarify patient responses

Be Respectful

Speak Clearly

Listen Intently - return to questioning

Attend to Patient

Use body language that shows you are listening

Ask one question at a time and allow time for an answer

Provide descriptive choices to patient when needed

don'ts for conducting a patient interview.

Jump to conclusions

Look alarmed

Interrupt

Use medical jargon

Provide feedback until all information is collected

Keep eyes down on a clipboard or computer

Dismiss patient information

why is it important to conduct a pain interview?

because it has connections to the Biopsychosocial Model, ICF: Health Condition, Body Structures, Activity, Participation, System Review and Screens (Pathology), Physical Exam: Palpation, FUNCTION, MMT, ROM, ST, Special Tests. Intervention: Compensatory – Remedial – Prevention