EXAM II- English Civil War

terms range from English Civil War - Industrial Revolution

• Charles I 1625-49

English king whose struggle with Parliament led to the English Civil War + his execution.

Forced Loan

Mooney Charles demanded without Parliments’s approval that fund war

• William Laud

Archbishop who pushed strict religious uniformity under Charles I — seen as too “Catholic.”

• Bishop’s War

fighting between Charles I + Scotland after he tried to force Anglican prayer book on them (1639–40).

• National Covenant

Scottish pledge rejecting Charles I’s religious changes + defending Presbyterianism.

• Long Parliament

parliament that met long-term to limit royal power + challenge Charles I — key lead-up to civil war.

• Grand Remonstrance

list of complaints by Parliament against Charles I to rally support against his rule.

• Oliver Cromwell

Parliament’s military leader who later ruled England as Lord Protector after the monarchy fell.

• New Model Army

Parliament’s professional, disciplined army that defeated Charles I in the Civil War.

• Naseby

decisive New Model Army victory that basically destroyed Charles I’s main forces.

• Regicide

the execution of a king — here, Charles I being put on trial + killed.

• Eikon Basilike

pro-royalist book portraying Charles I as a saint-like martyr after his execution.

• Cavaliers

supporters of Charles I in the Civil War — mostly royalist nobles + gentry.

• Convention Parliament

parliament that recalled Charles II + restored the monarchy after Cromwell’s rule.

• Charles II 1660-85

restored king after Cromwell — his reign is called the Restoration.

• Act of Uniformity, 1662

law forcing everyone to use the Book of Common Prayer — kicked out ministers who refused.

• James II 1685-88

Catholic king whose pro-Catholic policies triggered the Glorious Revolution that removed him.

• Glorious Revolution

peaceful overthrow of James II — replaced with William & Mary + limited royal pow

• William and Mary, Joint Monarchs

joint rulers invited to take the throne after the Glorious Revolution — accepted limits on monarchy (Bill of Rights).

• Toleration Act, 1689

allowed Protestant dissenters to worship freely but kept restrictions on Catholics.

• Bill of Rights, 1689

law limiting the monarch’s power and guaranteeing Parliament’s authority and certain rights.