Urinary System 16-20

What are the main functions of the kidneys?

Excrete nitrogenous wastes, maintain water/electrolyte balance, and regulate blood pH.

Why are the kidneys considered vital organs?

Kidney failure often leads to death if untreated.

How much water do the kidneys filter daily?

Kidneys filter 150–180 liters of plasma, producing 1–2 liters of urine.

What is a key hydration tip?

You must take in as much water as you lose daily.

How do we lose water from our bodies?

Through breathing, urine/feces, and sweating.

What triggers the sensation of thirst?

A 2–3% increase in plasma solutes stimulates the hypothalamic thirst center.

What are the steps in the thirst mechanism?

Low saliva → dry mouth → hypothalamus → thirst sensation → drink water → restored balance.

What is Dialysis?

A treatment that filters blood using a machine when kidneys can’t filter wastes effectively.

What does Dialysis remove from the blood?

Harmful wastes, excess salt, and water.